Since the founding of Jamestown in 1607, the American colonists had been subjects of Great Britain. This meant that they were entitled to all the rights of Englishmen.

Religious beliefs, the Glorious Revolution and Enlightenment ideals all influenced the American Revolution. How? Churches were places where colonists gathered. The ideas spread. The Glorious Revolution had demonstrated the English subjects could be justified in overthrowing a ruler. The Enlightenment discussed natural rights: “taxation without representation.”

To prevent unrest, the British government sent more troops to the American colonies. The colonists were forced to pay a duty (tax) on tea. The Boston Tea Party British troops vs. the colonists Thomas Paine, published Common Sense, which applied Enlightenment ideas to the colonists’ cause of independence. In 1776, the colonists declared their independence.

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain Unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the People to after or abolish it, and to institute new Government…” WHICH ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS DID JEFFERSON USE IN THIS OPENING PARAGRAPH? In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson put forth many of the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers:

After winning their independence in 1783, the Americans sent representatives to a Constitutional Convention. U.S. Constitution was created. Power was shared between the national government and state government. Legislative, executive, and judicial branches divided the governmental power. Constitution gave each of these branches several ways to “check” each other (“Checks and Balances”)

A Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to include protections of individual rights.

A Revolution in France

Causes of the French Revolution 1)French Social Divisions: “Old Regime Society” was divided into 3 classes or estates: First Estate: the clergy Second Estate: nobility Third Estate: common people and bourgeoisie (merchants, professionals, and shopkeepers) 2)The Impact of Enlightenment Ideals: The Third Estate resented the special privileges of the nobles 3)Financial Crisis: Wars with Britain Assisting the Americans during the American Revolution

What does this political cartoon say about the Three Estates?

Main events of the Revolution Estates General: A national assembly in which each of the three estates was represented. Third Estate elected twice as many delegates to the Estates General. Abbe Sieyes, an Enlightenment thinker, wrote that the Third Estate represented the “productive and useful citizens” of France. The Third Estate declared themselves as the National Assembly.

The King sought to break up the National Assembly. So, the people seized the prison of Bastille, to look for weapons. The king recognized the new National Assembly.

A document issued by the National Assembly. The government rested on the consent of the people (Popular Sovereignty) and not the king. France became a constitutional monarchy: King shares power with the people.

A poor harvest in France caused the people to overthrow the monarchy. A poor harvest in France caused the people to overthrow the monarchy. France became a republic. France became a republic. Committee of Public Safety took over. Committee of Public Safety took over. This began a “Reign of Terror” This began a “Reign of Terror” Directed by Robespierre Directed by Robespierre Over 40,00 people were murdered during the Reign of Terror Over 40,00 people were murdered during the Reign of Terror

Complete the “Compare the American and French Revolutions” chart provided for you.

Born 1769 in the island of Corsica Died 1821 Napoleon proved to be one of the most gifted generals of all times. He developed new tactics for mass armies in the Age of Revolution.

After the fall of Robespierre, Napoleon seized control over France. After the fall of Robespierre, Napoleon seized control over France. He introduced reforms in France: He introduced reforms in France: New legal code New legal code Settlement with the Catholic Church Settlement with the Catholic Church Five years later, he crowned himself emperor of the French Empire. Five years later, he crowned himself emperor of the French Empire.

Causes of the Fall of Napoleon: Causes of the Fall of Napoleon: Napoleon’s policy of boycotting British goods backfired on France. Napoleon’s policy of boycotting British goods backfired on France. The economy crashed as a result. The economy crashed as a result. The inability to invade England. The inability to invade England. The unpopularity of French rule throughout Europe. The unpopularity of French rule throughout Europe.

Napoleon invaded Russia with 600,000 French troops. Napoleon invaded Russia with 600,000 French troops. Russia refused to surrender. Russia refused to surrender. The Russians burned Moscow to the ground. The Russians burned Moscow to the ground. The French were forced to surrender. The French were forced to surrender. 10,000 returned to Paris. 10,000 returned to Paris.

After the Russian defeat, Napoleon was sent into exile (banished). After the Russian defeat, Napoleon was sent into exile (banished). He escaped and returned to France. He escaped and returned to France. Fought in the Battle of Waterloo and lost. Fought in the Battle of Waterloo and lost.

Napoleonic Code: Napoleonic Code: Law code that established social equality Law code that established social equality Introduced ideas of the French Revolution to Europe. Introduced ideas of the French Revolution to Europe. Growth of Nationalism: Growth of Nationalism: Belief that each nationality should have its own government. Belief that each nationality should have its own government.

Congress of Vienna Congress of Vienna Purpose: To redraw Europe’s boundaries Purpose: To redraw Europe’s boundaries Balance of Power was established. Balance of Power was established. No one country could become powerful. No one country could become powerful. Create lasting peace Create lasting peace

William Wilberforce: William Wilberforce: Responsible for leading the abolition of slavery in England in 1800s. Responsible for leading the abolition of slavery in England in 1800s.

Abuses of the Colonial System: Abuses of the Colonial System: Colonists resented Peninsulares’ political power. Colonists resented Peninsulares’ political power. Also, they resented Spanish economic restrictions. Also, they resented Spanish economic restrictions.

Revolutionary Ideas Spread to Latin America: Revolutionary Ideas Spread to Latin America: Colonists thought they were entitled to rule their own government. Colonists thought they were entitled to rule their own government.

Simon Bolivar Simon Bolivar Known as the “Liberator” Known as the “Liberator” Fought for independence of Venezuela. Fought for independence of Venezuela. Decree of War to the Death Decree of War to the Death Threatened those who opposed Bolivar’s cause. Threatened those who opposed Bolivar’s cause. Liberated Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru. Liberated Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru.