Section 17.1 Summary – pages 443-449 Taxonomy is the study of how living things are classified into groups. Section 17.1 Summary – pages 443-449

Section 17.1 Summary – pages 443-449 The groups that organisms are classified into are called taxa. (Taxon if singular) Organisms are classified based on: physical similarities genetic similarities Section 17.1 Summary – pages 443-449

When a taxonomist discovers a new organism they start classifying it based on certain characteristics…..first, they look at what kind of cell structure it possesses. Types of Cells prokaryotic Once they know this, they can place the organism in the correct Domain. eukaryotic

Domain is the most broad taxon. There are three domains…. Types of Cells Domains Organisms in this Domain are prokaryotic, small, and survive in extreme “unlivable” conditions Archaea prokaryotic Organisms in this Domain are prokaryotic, larger than Archaea, and live in hospitable conditions Bacteria Organisms in this Domain are made of eukaryotic cells, more complex than bacteria eukaryotic Eukaryota In which Domain would they classify a human?

Organisms are grouped into kingdoms based on: Next, they would need to decide which Kingdom it belonged in… Types of Cells Domains Kingdoms Archaea Archaebacteria prokaryotic Bacteria Eubacteria Protista eukaryotic Eukaryota Fungi Plantae Organisms are grouped into kingdoms based on: 1.Type of cell 2.How they obtain energy 3.How many cells they are made of, and 4.How complex their body structure is Animalia

8 Classification Groups “Taxa” Domain- Most broad, only three domains: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya Example: Humans at this level are grouped with all other organisms made of eukaryotic cells– (Algae, Fungus, Plants, and Animals) Kingdom- More specific, based on cell type, method of obtaining energy, and # of cells, and complexity: Example: Humans at this level are grouped with all other animals- (Sponge, Insects, Birds, Mammals) Phylum- Based on even more specific characteristics. For plants This is called “Divisions” Example: Humans are grouped with other animals that have backbones at this level. Class - Based on even more specific characteristics. Example: Humans are grouped with other animals with backbones that feed milk to their young. Order - Based on even more specific characteristics. Example: Humans are grouped with other animals with backbones that feed milk to their young and have opposable thumbs. Family - Based on even more specific characteristics. Example: Humans are grouped with other great apes that have opposable thumbs and have very close DNA strand sequence. Genus - Even more specific Example: Humans at this level are grouped with other human-like ancestors based on the use of language and tool use. Species - Exact organism Example: “Modern” humans with our brain size, learning capacity, and longevity.

Organisms classified from most broad group, domain, down to most specific, species Solar System Earth North America U. S. TX DFW Denton County Justin

“binomial nomenclature” Was created by Linnaeus. Carolus Linnaeus (1707‑1778), a Swedish botanist “binomial nomenclature” Was created by Linnaeus. It is a two-word naming system for living things. SCIENTIFIC NAMING!

Section 17.1 Summary – pages 443-449 The “Binomial nomenclature” or scientific name for each species, is a combination of the genus name and species name. Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Homo sapiens Homo = Genus, sapiens = species Section 17.1 Summary – pages 443-449

Why not use common names? Misleading starfish Dragonfly Confusing blue jay, blue coat, corn thief dog, perro, chien

They all have ONE scientific name. Pisaster ochraceus Pyrrhosoma nymphula Cyanocitta cristata

The common name of many animals can be misleading. Ceylon frogmouth (Batrachostomus moniliger) is a bird…. Killer whales (Orcinus orca )are the largest member of the dolphin family.

Flying fish (Parezocoetus mesogaster) do not fly, but glide. Seahorse (Hippocampus zosterae) is not a horse, but a fish.

LATIN What language is used for the scientific naming? Latin is no longer used in conversation. It’s tradition. Universal. What is the correct way to write the scientific name? * Always capitalize the Genus and not the species. If handwriting, underline the name: Felis concolor If typing, put the name in italics: Felis concolor You can also abbreviate the Genus: F. concolor

Question 1 According to the table, at what level does the domestic cat diverge from the ferret? Classification of Representative Mammals Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Order Cetacea Carnivora Carnivora Family Mysticeti Mustelidae Felidae Genus Balenopora Mustela Felis Species B. physalus M. furo F. catus Common Name Blue Whale Ferret Domestic Cat

The domestic cat belongs to the family Felidae and the ferret belongs to the family Mustelidae. Classification of Representative Mammals Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Order Cetacea Carnivora Carnivora Family Mysticeti Mustelidae Felidae Genus Balenopora Mustela Felis Species B. physalus M. furo F. catus Common Name Blue Whale Ferret Domestic Cat

Question 2 How many levels of classification do all three animals share? Classification of Representative Mammals Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Order Cetacea Carnivora Carnivora Family Mysticeti Mustelidae Felidae Genus Balenopora Mustela Felis Species B. physalus M. furo F. catus Common Name Blue Whale Ferret Domestic Cat All three animals belong to the same kingdom, phylum, and class.