Intro to Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy- the science of structure and location and the relationship among the structures Anatomy- the science of structure and location and the relationship among the structures Physiology- the science of body functions and metabolism Physiology- the science of body functions and metabolism STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION ARE DEPENDENT ON EACH OTHER

Anatomy—Levels of Study Gross anatomy – –Large structures – –Easily observable Microscopic Anatomy – –Very small structures – –Can only be viewed with a microscope Figure 14.1

Levels of Structural Organization Figure 1.1, Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle tissue Connective tissue Blood vessel (organ) Cardio- vascular system Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely Organismal level Human organisms are made up of many organ systems Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules

Figure 1.2a Organ System Overview 1. Integumentary Forms the external body covering Protects deeper tissue from injury Helps regulate body temperature Sensory organ Synthesizes Vitamin D

Figure 1.2b Organ System Overview 2. Skeletal Protects and supports body organs Provides muscle attachment for movement Site of blood cell formation Stores minerals

Figure 1.2c Organ System Overview 3. Muscular Produces movement Maintains posture Produces heat

Organ System Overview 4. Nervous Fast-acting control system Responds to internal and external change Activates muscles and glands Figure 1.2d

Organ System Overview 5. Endocrine Secretes regulatory hormones for homeostasis Growth Growth Reproduction Reproduction Metabolism Metabolism Figure 1.2e

Figure 1.2f Organ System Overview 6. Cardiovascular Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart Oxygen Oxygen Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide Nutrients Nutrients Wastes Wastes

Organ System Overview 7. Lymphatic Returns fluids to blood vessels Cleanses the blood Involved in immunity Figure 1.2g

Organ System Overview 8. Respiratory Keeps blood supplied with oxygen Removes carbon dioxide Figure 1.2h

Organ System Overview 9. Digestive Breaks down food Allows for nutrient absorption into blood Eliminates indigestible material Figure 1.2i

Organ System Overview 10. Urinary Eliminates nitrogenous wastes Maintains acid-base balance Regulates water and electrolytes Figure 1.2j

Organ System Overview 11. Reproductive Produces offspring Figure 1.2k–l