1. Anatomy and Physiology: Chapter 1
The Human Body:
An Orientation
Anatomy and Physiology: Chapter 1

2. The Human Body: Anatomy & Physiology
study of the structure and shape of the body and its part
Physiology
study of how the body and its parts function

3. Levels of Structural Organization
Atoms
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems

4. Organ System Overview

5. Organ System Overview Integumentary System
Forms the external body covering
Protects deeper tissue from injury
Synthesizes vitamin D
Location of cutaneous nerve receptors
Muscular System
Allows locomotion
Maintains posture
Produces heat
Skeletal System
Protects and supports body organs
Provides muscle attachment for movement
Site of blood cell formation
Stores minerals
Nervous System
Fast-acting control system
Responds to internal and external change
Activates muscles and glands
Endocrine System
Secretes regulatory hormones
Helps control growth, reproduction, and metabolism

6. Organ System Overview (continued)
Cardiovascular System
Transports materials such as oxygen, nutrients, and wastes throughout the body via the blood
Lymphatic System
Returns fluids to blood vessels
Disposes of debris
Involved in immunity
Respiratory System
Supplies body with oxygen
Removes carbon dioxide
Digestive System
Breaks down food
Allows for nutrient absorption into blood
Eliminates indigestible material
Urinary System
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
Maintains pH balance
Regulates water and electrolytes
Reproductive System
Production of offspring

7. Necessary Life Functions
Movement
Locomotion and the movement of substances
Responsiveness
Ability to sense changes and react
Digestion
Breakdown and delivery of nutrients
Metabolism
Chemical reactions within the body
Production of energy making body structures
Excretion
Elimination of waste from metabolic reactions
Reproduction
Production of future generation
Growth
Increasing of cell size and number

8. Maintaining Homeostasis
Homeostasis is maintained through neural and hormonal control systems:
Receptor
Senses changes in the environment or stimuli
Sends information to control center
Control center
Determines set point
Analyzes information
Determines appropriate response
Effector
Provides a means for response to the stimulus

9. The Language of Anatomy
Anatomical Position
Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs point away from the body