Clauses Ⅱ 7.1 Main and subordinate clauses  Wh – movement  The complementiser ’that’ 7.2 Clause and sentence.

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Clauses Ⅱ 7.1 Main and subordinate clauses  Wh – movement  The complementiser ’that’ 7.2 Clause and sentence

(2) a. Anne has just seen Mr. Elliot in Bath Street. (single main clause) b. Nurse Rooke had discovered where Anne Elliot stayed. complement clause c. Nurse Rooke suspected [that Mrs. Clay planned [PRO complement clause to run away with Mr. Elliot]]. infinitive NP – [ VP V [that … [ PRO to…]] ]

Wh-movement The cottage which Mrs Dashwood accepted was very small. The cottage was very small. + Mrs Dashwood accepted the cottage. which ① 반복되는 부분을 대명사 which 로 고쳐준다. ② which 를 Wh-movement 에 의해 앞으로 이동한다. ③ Head noun 뒤에 which 이하를 넣는다.

The complementiser ‘that’  Relative clause 의 that 은 특별하다.  that 은 대명사가 아니기 때문에 주어 / 목적어 자리에 있던 것이 wh-word 로 바뀐 뒤에 이동하 는 것이 아니다.  CP 구조에서 wh- 들은 spec 자리에 오는 반면에 that 은 C 자리에 온다.

Clause and sentence 1. Noun phrases : that-clause 가 명사구 대신 주어 / 목적어 자리에 올 수 있다. - His daughter astonished Mr Elliot. That Captain Wentworth married Anne astonished Mr Elliot. 2. Time adverbs: at the beginning/end of a clause (3) a. Yesterday Lydia eloped with Wickham. b. Lydia eloped with Wickham yesterday 3. Adverbial clauses behave the same as those in (3): (4) a. When Lydia went to Brighton, she eloped with Wickham. b. Lydia eloped with Wickham when she went to Brighton.

Most kinds of adverbial clause can substitute for adverbial phrases. (5) Although Mr Darcy disliked Mrs Bennet, he married Elizabeth. (6) In spite of his dislike of Mrs Bennet, Mr Darcy married Elizabeth. (7) If Emma had left Hartfield, Mr Woodhouse would have been unhappy. (8)With Emma away from Hartfield, Mr woodhouse would have been unhappy. (5) & (7): clauses, (6) & (8): phrases