1. Independent / Main and Dependent clauses

2. What is a clause? A clause is a verb and its subject and complements.
John cooked dinner.
one clause – pattern 7
John cooked dinner and Mary gave the kids a bath.
two clauses joined by conjunction and; the first is pattern 7 and the second is pattern 8
All these above are independent clauses

3. John cooked dinner
7 independent
and
Mary gave bath
8 independent
kids a
the

4. Subordinate or Dependent clauses
A verb + subject + complements unit can be dependent on another clause.
John, who is a master chef, cooked dinner.
“who is a master chef” is a pattern 3 clause which works as an adjectival modifying “John” in the main clause which is, of course, still pattern 7.
Before he cooked dinner, John became a chef.
The first clause is an adverbial modifying “became” in the main clause. The first clause is still pattern 7 and the main clause is pattern 5.

5. John cooked dinner 7 independent or main 3 dependent who is chef a
or relative
who is chef a
master

6. he cooked dinner 7 Before John became chef 5 independent a dependent
or subordinate
Before
John became chef
5 independent
or main a

7. Still more Dependent clauses
A verb + subject + complements unit can be embedded into the main clause or another clause.
What John cooked today was dinner.
The first clause is pattern 7 and it is a noun clause acting as the subject of the main clause, a pattern 3 clause.
She argued that John had not cooked dinner.
The main clause and the dependent clause are both 7

8. John cooked What 7
dependent
today
was dinner 3
independent
or main

9. 7 that John had cooked dinner not She argued 7 dependent independent
or main