1. Clauses Ⅲ pp.90~96 20071209 김혜린 20071229 유경수

2. [+Tense] : Finite clause [-Tense] : non-finite clause ① to-v ② -ing ③ Ø v

3. 8.1 Finite and non-finite clauses (1) a.Henry wanted to marry Fanny. [PRO to marry Fanny] b.Fanny regretted talking to Mary. [PRO talking to Mary] c.Mrs Bennet having taken the others upstairs, Mr Bingley proposed to Jane. →After Mrs Bennet had taken the others upstairs, Mr Bingley proposed to Jane.

4. d.All Mr Collins i does is praise Lady de Bourg. [PRO i praise Lady de Bourg] e.Lady de Bourg tried to persuade Elizabeth to renounce Mr Darcy. [PRO to persuade Elizabeth [PRO to renounce - ]] 분열문 Cleft-clause

5. (2) a.Henry wanted to have married Fanny before Edmund returned. [PRO to have married Fanny - ] b.To be courting Fanny was a waste of Henry’s time. [PRO to be courting - ] Henry

6. (3) a.*Fanny regretted being talking to Mary. → Gerunds exclude the “be-progressive”. b.*Mrs Bennet being taking the others upstairs, Mr Bingley gave a sigh of relief. → Participle Clauses exclude the “be-progressive”. c.*All Mr Collins has done is have praised Lady de Bourg. [+present] non-finite clause

7. (4) a.Fanny regretted having to talk to Aunt Norris. [PRO having to talk to Aunt Norris] b.Julia and Maria wanted to be allowed to perform a play. [PRO to be allowed [PRO to perform - ]] c.Edmund wanted Fanny to be able to ride a horse. [(for) [Fanny to be able [PRO to ride - ]]]

8. (5) ?Henry wanted to possibly marry Fanny. → *split infinitive (6) Henry wanted to marry Fanny. [PRO to marry Fanny]

9. (7) Fanny loved talking to Mary. [PRO talking to Mary] (8) Lady de Bourg tried to persuade Elizabeth to renounce Mr Darcy. [PRO to persuade Elizabeth [PRO to renounce - ]]

10. (9) a.Knowing the country well, he took a short cut. → Because he knew the country well, he took a short cut. b.Slamming the door, he ran down the steps. → After/As he slammed the door, he ran down the steps. ⇒ 진행의 –ing 가 아니라 분사구문의 –ing (10) *He was knowing the country well. → Stative verbs do not occur in the progressive.

11. (11) a.When ripe, these apples will be delicious. →When they are ripe, these apples will be delicious. b.He left the train with somebody else’s wallet in his pocket. →He left the train with [someone else’s - ] *He left the train with somebody else’s wallet being in his pocket.

12. (11) c.She walked up the hill, her rucksack on her back. →She walked up the hill. + She had her rucksack. + Her rucksack was on her back. d.We found [ sc the cage NP empty AP.] →We found the cage. + The cage was empty.

13. 8.2 Types of non-finite clause ☞ 비정형절은 to v for...to verb-ing 의 형태로 나타남 ☞ 동사를 수식하고 명사구가 나타나는 자리에 나타남

14. (12) a. Mr Bingley wanted [PRO to marry Jane Bennet.] b. Mr Bingley didn't want [PRO to be sitting all day talking to Mrs Bennet.] c. [PRO To see Naples and die] is not my idea of fun. d. Lady de Bourg tried [PRO to persuade Elizabeth [PRO to renounce Mr Darcy.]] Infinitive non-finite and gerund non-finite clauses

15. (13) a. For you to give up now would be idiotic/a tragedy. b. It would be idiotic/a tragedy for you to give up now. c. All we want is for you to be happy.

16. (14) a. Fanny regretted [PRO talking to Maria.] b. Fanny regretted [PRO having talked to Maria.] c. [PRO Talking to Maria] irritated Fanny. d. Fanny regretted [Edmund's having agreed PRO to take part in the play.] Gerund non-finite clauses

17. (15) a. Standing at the window, Anne noticed Mrs Clay and Mr Elliot. = When she standed at the window, b. Jumping up, he dashed out of the room. = After he jumped up, c. Mrs Bennet having taken the others upstairs, Mr Bingley proposed to Jane. = After Mrs Bennet had taken the others upstairs, Free participle non-finite clauses

18. (16) a. While sitting at the table, Captain Wentworth wrote a long letter to Anne. b. When visiting Pemberley, the Gardiners met Mr Darcy. c. Although in love with Marianne, Willoughby had to marry a rich heiress. d. When ripe, these apples will be delicious. Reduced Adverbial non-finite clauses (he was) (they were) (he was) (they are)

19. (17) a. The police found the picture stolen from the art gallery. b. The person reading a book did not hear my question. Reduced relative non-finite clauses (which had been) (who was)

20. (18) a. I saw the burglar climb in the window. b. We made the students attend the tutorials. c.[All Mr Collins does] is[praise Lady de Bourg]. d. [What Mary Crawford did] was [insult Sir Thomas.] Bare-verb non-finite clauses

21. (19) a. I saw [ sc the burglar climbing in the window.] b. I caught [ sc him opening the safe.] c. I found [ sc Cordelia sitting on the terrace.] Gerund non-finite clauses (Type 2 Gerund)

22. (20) a. Jane strode up the hill with her setter loping along behind. with + NP + verb-ing (while) b. With the funds safely transferred to our Swiss bank account, we can retire. With + NP + past participle (As) With non-finite clauses