Chemistry AI Chapter 1 A.Chemistry (Section 1.1) 1.What is chemistry? a. Matter The study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes. Anything that takes up space and has mass 2.Five Major Areas of Study 1.Organic chemistry- the study of all chemicals containing carbon 2.Inorganic chemistry- the study of chemicals that do not contain carbon 3.Biochemistry- the study of processes that take place in organisms 4.Analytical chemistry- the study of the composition of matter 5.Physical chemistry- concerned with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs during a chemical reaction

3. Reasons to study chemistry a. Pure Chemistry b. Applied Chemistry c. Technology research dedicated to the pursuit of chemical knowledge research directed towards a practical goal or application Means by which society provides its members with those things needed and desired See page 18

4. Scientific Thinking (Section 1.3) a. Alchemy Development of the tools and techniques for working with chemicals (ex. purifying chemicals, designing equipment) b. Antoine Lavoisier He made measurements of combustion reactions in sealed containers He determined that fire needed oxygen to burn He was the first to make measurements instead of just observations

c. Scientific Method 1. Observation 2. Hypothesis 3. Experiment A logical systematic approach to solving scientific problems uses five senses educated prediction test your hypothesis a. manipulated variable b. responding variable The factor that you change (i.e.. independent variable) The variable that is observed (i.e.. the dependent variable)

4. Theory 5. Law Well-tested explanation Concise statement that summarizes the results of many experiments