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 Located: ◦ North America ◦ Northern and Western Hemisphere

 Political Features ◦ 10 Provinces ◦ 3 Territories ◦ 2 nd largest country in the world ◦ Population: 34million People

 Mountains: ◦ Rocky Mountains  Prairie: ◦ Interior Plains ◦ Used mostly for farming  Canadian Shield ◦ Covers nearly 1⁄2 of Canada’s land area ◦ Circles Hudson Bay in eastern Canada ◦ Area of ancient rock - Very rugged ◦ Rich in natural resources – trees, minerals & water ◦ Mining is an important industry along the Canadian Shield (1.5 million people)

 Oceans: ◦ Atlantic ◦ Pacific ◦ Arctic  Hudson Bay  Niagara Falls ◦ Border between Ontario and New York state ◦ 2nd largest waterfall behind Victoria Falls in Africa  Great Lakes ◦ 5 freshwater lakes in the world  LakeSuperior  LakeMichigan  LakeHuron  LakeErie  LakeOntario  HOMES ◦ St. Lawrence River  Connects Great Lakes to Atlantic Ocean  Trade?

 Canada has many climate zones

 Tundra ◦ Found in the far North ◦ Cold, dry, contains permafrost  Forest ◦ Covers almost half of Canada  Prairie ◦ Grasslands in central Canada ◦ Used for farmland

 About 80% of Canadians live in urban areas in southeast and central parts of Canada – roughly 100 miles from the USA-Canada border. ◦ WHY???  Available natural resources and climate  20% live in small rural communities because natural resources are spread over ALL of Canada ◦ Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River  Most densely populated area – provide trade routes inland  Fertile farm land, temperate climate and large cities (Montreal, Toronto) ◦ Western Plains  People have settled here to harvest the rich farmlands ◦ Canadian Shield  Large mining industry – mineral deposits

 Canada’s trade is impacted by location, climate and natural resources.  Location = major trading partners  Climate & Natural resources = what they trade  Major Trading partners... ◦ 70% of manufactured goods are produced in the Great Lakes region ◦ Lakes, rivers & St. Lawrence Seaway are used to transport goods to other countries.

 Due to Canada’s location north of the USA, the U.S. is Canada’s major trading partner  Imports and Exports ◦ Both countries are interdependent on each other  They need each other to be successful economically ◦ NAFTA was established (North American Free Trade Agreement)  Since 1994, US, Canada and Mexico have free trade between their countries  80% of exports go to the USA  Including... Hydroelectric power, oil, natural gas, fish, agricultural products and timber.

 Farmland: ◦ 12% of Canada’s land is used for farming ◦ Most farmland located in the interior plains ◦ Most important agricultural product produced is wheat  Minerals/Energy Resources: ◦ Nickel, copper, gold, silver, zinc and uranium – found in the Canadian Shield ◦ Oil and natural resources – western plains  Fishing: ◦ Mostly along the Pacific coast ◦ Also along the Atlantic coast  Timber: ◦ One of the world’s leading producers of timber products, such as lumber, paper, plywood, and maple syrup

 Provinces and Territories  St. Lawrence River  Hudson Bay  Atlantic Ocean  Pacific Ocean  Great Lakes  Canadian Shield  Rocky Mountains