1. CANADA: PHYSICAL AND HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
SS6G4 Locate selected features of Canada.
SS6G5 Explain the impact of location, climate, distribution of natural resources, and population distribution on Canada.
SS6G6 Explain the impact of environmental issues in Canada.

2. ELEMENTS
Locate on a world and regional political-physical map: the St. Lawrence River, Hudson Bay, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, the Great Lakes, Canadian Shield, and Rocky Mountains.
Locate on a world and regional political-physical map Canada and the province of Quebec.
Describe how Canada’s location, climate, and natural resources impact trade and affect where people live.
Explain the causes and effects of pollution and acid rain in Canada to include the Great Lakes.
Explain the causes and effects of the extraction of natural resources on the Canadian Shield (e.g., mining and logging).

3. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS
Human Environment Interaction: The student will understand that humans, their society, and the environment affect each other.
Location: The student will understand that location affects a society’s economy, culture, and development.

4. THE PHYSICAL FEATURES OF CANADA
Canada is a country located north of the United States and is the second largest country in the world
Canada’s physical features include:
Rivers
St. Lawrence River
Mountains
Rocky Mountains
Bodies of water
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Hudson Bay
Great Lakes
Landforms
Canadian Shield

5. KEY PROVINCES OF CANADA
Canada does not have states, but rather its regions are called provinces
The major provinces of Canada are:
Ontario
Alberta
Quebec
Manitoba
British Columbia
Newfoundland
Nunavut
Canada also has two territories: The Yukon and Northwest Territories
Canada’s capital city is Ottawa, located in Ontario

6. MAP OF CANADA

7. THE CLIMATE, LOCATION AND NATURAL RESOURCES OF CANADA
Much of Canada is cold
The mountain region of Canada is snow and ice, while the plains region has warm and temperate climate
The Great Lakes area has temperate climate as well
Location
Most Canadians live in the cities and towns in the southern part of Canada
Inuits live in the northern part near the Arctic Circle
Natural Resources
Canada’s natural resources include fishing, lumber, wheat, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, gold, uranium, oil, natural gas

8. TRADE IN CANADA Canada’s main trade partners are the U.S. and Mexico
Canada’s main exports are minerals and fishing

9. Acid Rain is a major issue in Canada
ACID RAIN AND WATER POLLUTION IN CANADA
Acid Rain is a major issue in Canada
Caused by vehicle emissions and coal plants
Found mainly in Ontario and Quebec
Waste, fertilizers, oil, grease, sewage, salt and runoff pollute the Great Lakes
Both the U.S. and Canada are changing regulations to help clean the area

10. THE EXTRACTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
MINERALS
WHAT IS EXTRACTION?
RIVERS AND TREES
Minerals are being extracted, or taken out, from the Canadian Shield
The mining of minerals causes toxic waste to get into the ground and habitat loss
The Inuit people who live there are also losing land due to mining
Extraction means to remove something from an area
Rivers in the Canadian Shield produce hydroelectricity
Energy generated by falling water
Hydroelectricity causes erosion, flooding and habitat loss
The cutting of trees in the Canadian Shield leads to flooding of the region
The removal of trees from an area is called deforestation