World War II Rise of dictators & Causes of War

Words to know Dictator – A person who rules a country with total authority and often in a cruel or brutal way Totalitarian – System where the state holds total control/authority over public and private life Fascism – Form of government where a dictator controls the people and they are not allowed to disagree with government Nazism – German form of fascism; racist nationalism, nationalist expansion and total control over people. Communism – Government owns everything. No privately owned property.

Joseph Stalin http://www.history.com/topics/joseph-stalin/videos   BELIEF OF COUNTRY: CREATE A SOUND COMMUNIST STATE AND WAIT FOR WORLD REVOLUTION MILITARY GOALS: REVOULTION BY WORKERS KIND OF LEADER: FORCEFUL ECONOMIC BELIEFS: EVENTUAL RULE BY WORKING CLASS OTHER BELIEFS: STATE OWNERSHIP OF PROPERTY

Benito Mussolini http://www.history.com/videos/benito-mussolini#benito-mussolini   BELIEF OF COUNTRY: EXTREME NATIONALISM MILITARY GOALS: MILITARISTIC EXPANSIONSIM KIND OF LEADER: CHARISMATIC LEADER ECONOMIC BELIEFS: PRIVATE PROPERTY WITH STRONG GOVERNMENT CONTROLS OTHER BELIEFS: ANTI-COMMUNIST

Adolf Hitler http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rZ4xwuAWFE   BELIEF OF COUNTRY: EXTREME NATIONALISM AND RACISM MILITARY GOALS: MILITARISTIC EXPANSIONISM KIND OF LEADER: FORCEFUL LEADER ECONOMIC BELIEFS: PRIVATE PROPERTY WITH STRONG GOVERNMENT CONTROLS OTHER BELIEFS: ANTI-COMMUNIST

Japan – Hirohito & Tojo Hikeki Tojo – Emperor Hirohito Career in army Prime Minister of Japan/Minister of War Fascist, nationalist and militarist Wanted to take over parts of China! Emperor Hirohito Figurehead of Japan – not a lot of power Reluctantly supported invasion of China 1. Japan wanted to take over parts of China! Japan, Italy and Germnay sign “Tripartite Pact” saying they would “stand by and co-operate with one another”.

War in Asia Starts in 1930! Aggressive military expansion Japan invades Manchuria (1931) and then China (1937). Aggressive military expansion 1. Japan was overpopulated and depended on outside trade but that was rough during the Great Depression so.. Japan was in a depression and they believed that they needed to rule China..and that would solve their problems 2. The U.S. didn’t want to fight a war in Asia, so they just refused to recognize trade with Japan and cut off a lot of what was going to them… well, probably not the best idea.

So why war….???

CAUSES OF WWII

WORLD WAR I Treaty of Versailles War Guilt Clause! $$$ Germany owed for war! Land taken away! Disarmament No tanks, no submarines, only a small army WWI – caused instability in Europe. Treaty of Versailles was really harsh on Germany. War guilt clause. ALSO, some parts of German land were taken away So people weren’t happy with the government so they looked to one man..Hitler.

Hitler’s Actions Build up of military! Pacts with Italy and Japan! Taking back the land! Starts in Austria Sudetenland Hitler lies France and Britain knew that Germany was building up their stuff, but they figured a strong Germany would contain communist Russia from spreading, well, communism! So Hitler goes to make Austria. Austrian leader forced to hold a vote asking the pople whether they wanted to be part of Germany: Results were fixed and showed 99% of Austirna people wanted it so Austrian leader asks Britain, France and Italy for aid. HITLER says this is the end of my expansion, I swear. So the countries didn’t do anything because they didn’t want to go to war. Total lies and then goes to the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia and says give me this land! So Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain meets with Germany trying to come up with an agreement that would prevent war. The Munich Agreement said that Hitler could have the Sudetenaldn if he promised to not invade the rest of Czech… BUT of course he freakin invades it. And of course, Britain and France don’t take action. BUT they promised Poland (because Poland was probably next) that they would act if Hitler invaded!

Failure to appease Appeasement = Giving in to someone if their demands are seen as reasonable. So, Chamberlain (Prime Minister of England) felt that giving in to Hitler’s demands would prevent another war! “Policy of Appeasement” During the 1930’s, many politicians saw that the terms in the Treaty of Versailles had placed restrictions on Germany that were unfair. Hitler’s actions were seen as understandable and justifiable. Germany starts to re-arm but that’s ok…they have a right to protect themselves.

Failure of League of Nations Reasons it failed.. Not all countries joined the League The League had NO power The League had no army Unable to act quickly Japan’s hit by the depression – invades China. China asks the League for help  League tells Japan to stop-  Japan ignores the request  League tells member nations to stop trading with Japan No one stops, they’re in a depression! League asks one more time so Japan just leaves the League! Similar issue with Italy invading Abyssinians Remember that the League of nations was set up so everyone could be a part of it and if problems arose they could solve them by negotiations, NOT force. IF that failed they would refuse trade with a country and if THAT failed, then they would fight. Reasons it failed Germany wasn’t allowed to join and Russia didn’t join. The main idea was telling countries to stop trading with another country but not all country were memebrs so they could trade with those people Member countries were supposed to provide soldiers but no one wanted to provoke anyone into fighting Only met 4 years and all countries had to agree. Thtey would have to call emergency sessions which could take ahile. The League told Japan to stop invading but Japan was like…uhm no, totally ignored the request and kept going. Abyssinians turn to League, League tells people to sotp trading with Italy but that doesn’t work. Wouldn’t have much of an effect because Italy could still trade with non-member countries LIKE AMERICA and France and Britain didn’t want to risk Italy attacking them.

The start of war.. Germany invades Poland on September 1, 1939. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCXSuaOozDE The start of war.. Germany invades Poland on September 1, 1939. Great Britain and France declared war on Germany World War II started… So Russia and Germany had signed a secret pact the “molotov-Ribbentrop Pact”, a nonaggression treaty saying that they promised not to attack one another. During secret megotiations, Hitler offered Stalin control of Eastern Poland and the Baltic states if he would stand by during a German invasion of Poland! SO then Hitler announced the nonaggression pact in late August and people were shocked!! They treaty had given hitler the freedom to attach Poland! So…he does. And eventually Hitler invades Russia so..that’s cool.

Whose fighting who? Allied Powers France (De Gaulle) United Kingdom (Churchill) United States (FDR) USSR (Stalin) Axis Powers Germany (Hitler) Japan (Tojo/Hirohito) Italy (Mussolini)