„Moderné vzdelávanie pre vedomostnú spoločnosť/Projekt je spolufinancovaný zo zdrojov EÚ“ Inovácia obsahu a metód vzdelávania prispôsobená potrebám vedomostnej spoločnosti Drawing (grammar) ART TECHNIQUES VYPRACOVAL: Mgr. VLADISLAV KRAVEC, jún 2014

CONTENT Grammar used in this lesson (Present simple and continuous tense revision – form, use)

Grammar in use Present simple tense – he, she, it: in the third person singular the verb always ends in -s: he draws, she needs, he gives, she thinks. – Negative and question forms use DOES (=the third person of the auxiliary 'DO') + the infinitive of the verb. E.g.: He draws. Does he draw? He does not draw.

Grammar in use – Verbs ending in -y : the third person changes the -y to -ies: fly flies, cry cries !Exception!: if there is a vowel before the -y: play plays, pray prays – Add -es to verbs ending in:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch: he passes, she sketches, he fixes, it pushes

Grammar in use Present continuous tense - The present continuous of any verb is composed of two parts - the present tense of the verb to be + the present participle of the main verb. E.g. : I am drawing, You are sketching, She is observing... - The form of the present participle is: base + ing, e.g. sketching, measuring, rubbing

Grammar in use Present simple and continuous tense comparison: + He draws / He is drawing ? Does he draw / Is he drawing? - He does not draw / He is not (isn’t) drawing.

Grammar in use – PS vs. PC Present simple tense is used: to express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes: I sketch my ideas every day (repeated action); He lives in Prešov (unchanging situation); Crosshatching is a shading technique (general truth) to give instructions or directions: You start drawing rough shapes and then refine the outline and add some details.

Grammar in use - PS to express fixed arrangements, present or future: Your drawing lesson starts at 9:10 am. to express future time, after some conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon as, until: He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday. ! The simple present is not used to express actions happening now. !

Grammar in use – PC Present continuous tense is used: to describe an action that is going on at this moment e.g. You are reading this text. You are studying English grammar. to describe an action that is going on during this period of time or a trend, e.g. Are you still studying at the same school? More and more people are becoming vegetarian.

Grammar in use – PC to describe an action or event in the future, which has already been planned or prepared e.g. We're going on Landscape drawing course tomorrow. I'm drawing a portrait of my friend tonight. to describe a temporary event or situation, e.g. He usually draws figures, but he's drawing a still-life tomorrow.

Grammar in use – PC with 'always, forever, constantly', to describe and emphasise a continuing series of frequently repeated actions, e.g. Lea is always coming late to the lesson! You're forever complaining about your English teachers!

Sources Murphy, R.: English Grammar In Use, Cambridge University press, 2004 Murphy, R.: Essential Grammar in Use, Klett Ernst /Schulbuch, 2013 Turnbull, J., Lea, D., Parkinson, D., Phillips, P., Francis, B., Webb, S., Bull, V., Ashby, M.: Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, Oxford University Press,