 Now let’s view 2 videos to help us understand how enzymes work in our bodies.  hill.com/sites/ /student_v iew0/chapter2/animation__how_enzy mes_work.html hill.com/sites/ /student_v iew0/chapter2/animation__how_enzy mes_work.html

 hill.com/sites/ /student_v iew0/chapter25/animation__enzyme_ action_and_the_hydrolysis_of_sucros e.html hill.com/sites/ /student_v iew0/chapter25/animation__enzyme_ action_and_the_hydrolysis_of_sucros e.html

What is that?

I. ENZYMES:  A specialized type of protein  Function in our body: acts like a catalyst = substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but it is not used up in the reaction.

I. ENZYMES:  Enzyme(s) reduce activation energy = amount of energy needed to begin a reaction  Coenzyme= an organic molecule associated with the enzyme to help in the reaction.

I. ENZYMES:  Need an active site on the enzyme Active site- attracts and holds only specific molecules called substrates. o “Lock-and-key” system

I. ENZYMES:  Therefore, enzymes enable molecules called substrates to undergo a chemical change to form new substances, called products.

I. ENZYMES: Active Site

I. ENZYMES:  Competitive Inhibitors = a substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.

I. ENZYMES:  Could not survive without enzymes! (almost all chemical reactions in cells require an enzyme) o Speed up the reactions in: 1.Digestion of food 2.Synthesis of molecules 3.Storage and release of energy

I. ENZYMES:  Enzymes are named for the compound they work on. You drop the current compound ending and replace it with –ase

I. ENZYMES:  For example: Lactose’s enzyme is lactase Maltose's enzyme is maltase Sucrose's enzyme is sucrase Amylase (in your salvia)is the enzyme for starch

I. ENZYMES:  2 Factors that affect enzymes: 1. Temperature- To high temp. will denature (break apart) enzymes 2. pH

HOW DOES OUR BODY GET ENERGY FROM THE BREAKING DOWN OF MOLECULES? Energy is released when a chemical bond is broken!

II. NUCLEIC ACIDS:  Complex polymer that stores information in cells in the form of a code.  Basic building block: nucleotides, which consist of C, H, O, N, P These elements are arranged in 3 groups: nitrogen base, simple sugar, and a phosphate group.

II. NUCLEIC ACIDS:

2 types of nucleic acids: 1. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains all the instructions for an organisms development…..AKA genetic information 2. RNA (ribonucleic acid) forms a copy of DNA and is used for protein synthesis (production)