2. 1

3. Chemical reactions of life Processes of life building molecules synthesis breaking down molecules digestion ++

4. What Are Enzymes?  Helps speed up a chemical reaction 3

5. Enzymes catalyze (Speed up)  Are specific for what they will catalyze (Speed up) ase  End in –ase -Sucrase  Sucrose -Lactase  Lactose -Maltase  Maltose 4

6. Substrates  A molecule upon which an enzyme acts 5

7. How do enzymes Work? weakening bonds which lowers activation energy Enzymes work by weakening bonds which lowers activation energy 6

8. Activation Energy  minimum energy that must be input to a chemical system 7

9. Enzymes 8 8 Free Energy Progress of the reaction Reactants Products Free energy of activation Without Enzyme With Enzyme

10. Enzyme-Substrate Complex Reactants enter into a reaction. Products are results after a chemical reaction 9 Enzyme Substrate Joins

11. Enzyme-Substrate Complex Reactants are the compounds that enter into a reaction. Products are produced through a chemical reaction 10 Enzyme result Products

12. Active Site  A restricted region of an enzyme molecule which binds to the substrate. 11 Enzyme Substrate Active Site

13.  A restricted region of an enzyme molecule which binds to the substrate. 12 Enzyme Substrate Active Site

14. What Affects Enzyme Activity?  Temperature, PH balance, Inhibitors 13

15. Two examples of Enzyme Inhibitors a. Competitive inhibitors: a. Competitive inhibitors: a chemical that physically blocks the substrate by entering the active site 14 Enzyme Competitive inhibitor Substrate

16. Inhibitors 15 b.Noncompetitive inhibitors: Chemicals that attached to another part of the enzyme to change the active site Enzyme active site altered Noncompetitive Inhibitor Substrate

17. Denature 16

18. Denature 17 -A structural change in macromolecules caused by extreme conditions -Enzyme no longer is effective