Circulatory System

Vocabulary Lesson 5 1. plasma – the clear, light- yellow liquid that makes up most of your blood 2. hemoglobin – a substance in red blood cells that picks up and carries oxygen 3. carbon dioxide – a gas that is one of the wastes made by your cells. 4. antibodies – substances in blood that attack and destroy microbes

5. platelets – tiny parts of cells in your blood that help the blood thicken, or clot, when you have a cut or wound 6. atrium – an upper chamber in your heart 7. ventricle – a lower chamber in your heart 8. lymph – a mixture of plasma and tissue fluid that collects cell wastes

Circulatory System 1. What is your blood? –a. Approximately 1 gallon (4-5 quarts) of blood in your body – more accurately 7% of the body’s mass is blood…bigger people have more blood! –b. It circulates through your body over and over and never stops moving –c. Body cells take from your blood what they need and send their wastes to be taken away

–d. Most of the red blood seen with a cut is made up of a clear, light-yellow liquid called plasma

ii. Blood also contains –1. red blood cells a. hemoglobin – makes the cells red and picks up oxygen in lungs, carries it to the body cells b. When cells pick up oxygen the release carbon dioxide to the hemoglobin – CO2 is a waste made by the cells c. Blood has more red blood cells than any other kind – 60,000 would fit in the dot of an “i”... a single drop of blood contains millions of separate cells, each with a job to do d. A Red Blood Cell looks like a doughnut with the hole filled in

White blood cells a. largest cell b. actually have no color c. help fight disease by destroying germs (immune system) d. there are different kinds of White Blood Cells that defend the body in different ways

White blood cells i. some destroy disease causing microbes ii. some make antibodies that attack and destroy microbes so that they cannot make you ill again iii. made in lymph

Platelets –3. platelets a. platelets help your blood become thick by sticking to the walls of injured blood vessels b. other cells are trapped making a clot that closes the torn vessel c. scabs are dried clots

12 Plasma 4. Plasma –55% of total blood volume –Made up of 91% water –7% Blood Proteins –2% Nutrients, Hormones & Electrolytes 63

Fun facts about blood A newborn baby has about 1 cup of blood in circulation All the blood vessels in an adult body strung together could circle the Earth two and a half times! In one day, blood travels 12,000 miles After it leaves the bone marrow, a red blood cell makes approximately 250,000 trips around the circulatory system before dying

2. Heart –a. Hollow, muscular and about the size of your fist –b. A wall divides the right side from the left and each side has an upper and lower half (4 chambers) –c. Upper chamber – atrium –d. Lower chamber – ventricle

–e. Right ventricle pumps blood to lungs to get oxygen and give off carbon dioxide –f. Left ventricle pumps oxygen rich blood to the rest of your body where the cells take the oxygen from the blood and give carbon dioxide –g. Blood flows back to the atrium on the right side of your heart

Fun Facts about the Heart It contracts and relaxes 100,000 times a day, 35 million times a year and almost 3 billion times in an average lifetime It will pump about 48 million gallons of blood through the body in an average lifetime

3. Blood Vessels a. Arteries – carry blood away from your heart i. thick, flexible muscle walls to stand pressure of blood being pumped out of the heart b. Veins – carry blood toward your heart i. thinner walls than arteries because the pressure of blood is lower in veins ii. they have small flaps in veins keep blood flowing in 1 direction

c. Capillaries – thin blood vessels that connect arteries to veins i. very thin walls ii. every tissue has these next to it iii. nutrients, oxygen, and wastes pass in and out through capillary walls iv. plasma also passes through walls d. lymph – excess plasma, plus tissue fluid that surrounds body cells, colorless (blister) i. carries cell wastes and other materials ii. lymph tissue also produces a kind of white blood cell

Common Circulatory System Problems Hypertension = high blood pressure; lose weight, eat healthy, don’t smoke, and take medication Heart attack = blood supply to the heart is reduced or stops; must be treated by medical professionals Anemia = low red blood cells or hemoglobin; treated with Vitamin B- 12, iron supplements and medications that increase RBC’s

Sickle Cell Anemia = a genetic condition where the RBC are sickle shaped and hemoglobin is abnormal; cannot be cured and may require hospitalization at times Leukemia = Cancer involving body tissues which produce white blood cells; chemotherapy Hemophilia = a genetic disease where the blood doesn’t clot or clots slowly; treated by blood transfusions and avoiding situations that might cause bleeding

Lesson 5 Review 1. What are two main kinds of cells in blood? 2. How do white blood cells help fight disease? 3. What are the chambers of the heart called? 4. How does the blood flow in the heart?