Chapter 10 Cognition, Language, Creativity. Concepts Allow us to think abstractly Concept formation: classify information into meaningful categories (belonging.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 10 Cognition, Language, Creativity

Concepts Allow us to think abstractly Concept formation: classify information into meaningful categories (belonging and not belonging) Prototype: an ideal model of a concept (bird vs. ostrich) Denotative meaning: exact definition Connotative meaning: emotional or personal meaning Social stereotypes: oversimplified concepts of groups of people

Language Words or symbols and rules for combining them Most thinking relies on language

Problem-Solving Mechanical solutions are found by trial and error or by rote Insight: sudden mental reorganization of problem that make the solution obvious framing affects decision,; narrow framing increases the risk of a poor choice

Barriers to Problem-Solving Emotional: fear of making a mistake, criticism, looking foolish Cultural: (play is for children) Learned: conventions about uses Perceptual: habits

Artificial Intelligence Computer program capable of doing things that require intelligence when done by people Valuable for speed, persistence, memory Human intelligence is more flexible

Creative Thinking Fluency: # of suggestions or solutions Flexibility: # of times shift from 1 class of possible uses to another Originality: how novel or unusual suggestions are Divergent thinking: most used measure of creativity; thinking that produces many ideas or alternatives Convergent thinking: conventional thinking; directed toward discovery of single established correct answers

Stages of Creative Thought Orientation: define problem and important dimensions Preparation: get as much information as possible Incubation: subconscious works on problem Illumination: rapid insight Verification: test and critically evaluate solution

Creative Personality Smart people have slight tendency to be more creative Above average range of knowledge and interests Openness to experience; challenge assumptions Enjoy symbolic thoughts, ideas, possibilities Value independence and complexity Tends to be specific to a certain skill Can be increased by practice in divergent thinking