AN OVERVIEW OF ENERGY STAR Lisa Hopkinson University of Bradford

LIFE CYCLE IMPACTS Materials Manufacture Transport Use Disposal Recycling

ENERGY STAR Voluntary labelling scheme for energy efficient office products Defines minimum energy criteria Database of most energy efficient models Only deals with energy IN USE Updated every 2-3 years

LIFE CYCLE ENERGY OF PCS Source: IVF, Preparatory studies for Eco-design Requirements of Energy Using Products

ENERGY STAR STATUS CategoryVersionDate in effect Computing equipment V July 2009 DisplaysV Oct 2009 (<30 inches) 30 Jan 2010 (30-60 inches) Imaging equipment V July 2009 ServersV. 1 (Final draft) To be decided

UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD – ICT ENERGY BREAKDOWN Analysis by Chris Cartledge, 2008 Desktops dominate

ENERGY STAR V. 5.0 – for Computing Equipment Covers desktop computers, gaming consoles, integrated desktop computers, notebook computers, small-scale servers, thin clients, and workstations. Efficient power supply (internal & external) required. Defines minimum energy performance standards

TYPICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION (TEC) Minimum annual energy consumption – based on weighted time spent in each mode (idle, sleep, off). For desktops and notebooks: E TEC = (8760/1000) x (P off x T off + P sleep x T sleep + P idle x T idle )

ENERGY STAR ENERGY PERFORMANCE Desktops: Notebooks: Category A ≤ 148kWhCategory A ≤ 40kWh Category B ≤ 175kWhCategory B ≤ 53kWh Category C ≤ 209kWh Category C ≤ 88.5kWh Category D ≤ 234kWh Different formulae and performance standards for workstations and small servers

RAISING THE BAR Apr 2008: 137 models meeting Energy Star 4 June 2009: 875 models meeting Energy Star 4 1 July 2009: 0 models meeting Energy Star 5

ENERGY STAR 4.0 vs 5.0 Energy Star 5, Category B, E TEC = 175 kWh/y Dell Optiplex 760 Desktop E TEC = 200 kWh/y (non networked)

WHOLE LIFE COSTING Energy Star 5.0, Category B = 175 kWh/y Typical Energy Star 4 PC ~ 230 kWh/y Over 4 year lifetime 12p/kWh): Energy Star 5 (Cat B) = £84 Energy Star 4 ~ £110 For 5,000 PCs, saving ~ £130,000

IMPLICATIONS Consider whole life costs of any purchase Specify Energy Star compliance OR select high efficiency low power PCs e.g. desktops based on laptop technology

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