1. ENERGY EFFICIENT DATA CENTRES – AN OVERVIEW Professor Peter James

2. BACKGROUND Higher Education Environmental Performance Improvement - Green Gown Awards - www.heepi.org.ukwww.heepi.org.uk Sustainable IT in Tertiary Education - Strategic review of IT in universities - Identifying & disseminating good practice - www.susteit.org.uk

3. ICT LIFE CYCLE IMPACTS Materials Manufacture Transport Use Disposal

4. www.gridcomputingnow.org ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION High power consumption - ICT 10% UK electricity - Data centres 1.5% (8GW) - 46 TWH 2006 to 93 2020 = aviation/refrigeration High summer load - system reliability

5. WHY IT MATTERS TO HE Cost - 50 to 100% rise in electricity prices? Carbon - growing regulation - Carbon Reduction Commitment Capacity

6. The Coal-Powered Computer

7. DATA CENTRE END USE Server Load /Computing Operations Cooling Equipment Power Conversions & Distribution 100 Units 33 Units Delivered 35 Units Source: US EPA

8. GREEN DATA CENTRE OBJECTIVE Typical PracticeBetter Practice Server Load /Computing Operations Cooling & Power Conversions Server Load /Computing Operations Cooling & Power Conversions Source: US EPA

9. Server Load/ Computing Operations Cooling Equipment Power Conversion & Distribution Alternative Energy Supply High voltage distribution Use of DC power Highly efficient UPS systems Efficient redundancy strategies Power efficiency & management Load management Consolidation/Virtualisation Better air management Free/efficient cooling Efficient liquid cooling Flexibility and control On-site renewables Waste heat for cooling Fuel cells Thermal storage ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Adapted from US EPA original

10. BARRIERS Lack of awareness and information Low prioritisation of sustainable ICT issues Unsupportive financial frameworks Lack of capacity Limited connection of key stakeholders - IT and facilities/building

11. Life Cycle Energy Use of PCs Source: European Commission EuP Studies