Russia and the Eurasian Republic A. Location 1. Borders the Arctic and Pacific Oceans 2. Located on European and Asian continents 3. Chukchi Peninsula-separated from Alaska by 50 miles

Land 1. stretches nearly halfway around the globe 2. Ural Mountains (runs North and South a. divide Russia into European and Asian Sections 3. North European Plains a. Fertile plain b. mild climate c. 75% of the people live here 4. Caucasus Mts. a. covered with pine and other trees 5. Siberia (means sleeping land) a. sparsely populated b. one of the coldest climates in the world c. Tundras- frozen treeless plains permafrost- permanently frozen layers of ground d. Southern Siberia- home of the Siberian tiger

Siberian Tiger Siberian landscape

1. Caspian Sea (Salt Lake in Southern Russia) C. Waterways 1. Caspian Sea (Salt Lake in Southern Russia) a. largest inland body of water in the world 2. Lake Baikal a. world’s deepest freshwater lake b. Paper mill has polluted the area (major source of income for the region 3. Volga River a. longest river in Europe b. major transportation route 4. Lena River 5. Ob River

1. North (near the Arctic) winters long, dark and cold D. Climate 1. North (near the Arctic) winters long, dark and cold a. Many ports close in the winter due to ice 2. East- short summers long, snowy winters 3. West- humid continental climate a. Railroads, rivers, and canals are important means of getting around

1. Muscovy (Russia) was led by czars 2. Mongols conquered the area E. Early Russia 1. Muscovy (Russia) was led by czars 2. Mongols conquered the area 3. Ivan I (Kalita) a. means moneybags, only interested in himself and money

a. Freed Russia from the Mongols 5. Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) 4. Ivan III a. Freed Russia from the Mongols 5. Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) a. believed he would gain respect through fear b. had St. Basil’s Cathedral built c. had the architect blinded d. Brought books, music and art to the Russian people

a. brought shipbuilding to Russia b. made it modern 6. Peter the Great a. brought shipbuilding to Russia b. made it modern c. built the first port city: St. Petersburg

Dress before Peter the Great Dress after Peter

b. serf-based economy hurting Russia as a great military power 7. Alexander II a. Freed the serfs b. serf-based economy hurting Russia as a great military power After several assassination attempts Alexander was finally killed in 1881 by a radical group who wanted to end the rule of the czars and establish a Constitution.

The Russian Revolution Russia was involved in World War I They were on the losing side The czar wasn’t interested Czar Nicholas II czar of Russia in 1914 More concerned with his family than with running the country ** had a sick son ** his wife believed a con artist Rasputin could cure her son Forced to abdicate the throne in 1917 Abdicate= give up the throne He and his 5 children were killed a year later Bolsheviks led the revolution that took over the throne a. Bolshevik Revolution

Czar Nicholas and his wife Alexandria

Rasputin

Bloody Sunday Bolshevik Revolution

4. Vladimir Lenin a. encouraged Bolsheviks to overthrow the government led a second revolution and established a Socialist government b. based on the teachings of Karl Marx c. Government has control, distributes everything to the people Karl Marx Vladimir Lenin