Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Consciousness and Drugs.

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Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Consciousness and Drugs

Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Drugs and Consciousness Psychoactive Drug –a chemical substance that alters perceptions and alters mood, and sometimes alters behavior

Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Physical dependence Tolerance –diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug Withdrawal –discomfort and distress that follow discontinued use of a psychoactive drug After repeated exposure, more drug is needed to produce same effect Drug dose Drug effect Response to first exposure

Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Types of drugs –Based on their effects (in the CNS) –Quiz: barbiturates, nicotine, heroin, Ecstasy, methylphenidate, oxycontin, diet pills, “magic mushroom,” solvents, Xanax

Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Depressants Reduce neural activity and slow body functions –Alcohol Bar study (video) –Barbiturates –Opiates opium and its derivatives (morphine and heroin) depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Molecular Similarity of Opiates & Endorphins

Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Molecular Similarity of Opiates & Methadone

Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Stimulants Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines

Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. The physiological effects of nicotine

Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Cocaine Euphoria and Crash

Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Hallucinogens –drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images (in the absence of sensory input)

Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Hallucinogens LSD –lysergic acid diethylamide (acid) Shrooms PCP THC –active ingredient in marijuana –triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations