Rome Expands Its Borders

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Presentation transcript:

Rome Expands Its Borders Chapter 7.2 Rome Expands Its Borders

Rome Fights Carthage *Mid 200’s B.C. – Rome and Carthage come into conflict *Carthage – City on the coast of N. Africa

Carthage * Commercial power * Had interests in Sicily * Feared Rome wanted Sicily * Rome feared Carthaginian navy wanted to control the Mediterranean

Carthage vs. Rome * Conflict over Sicily led to the Punic Wars -Rome vs. Carthage -3 costly wars

First Punic War *Began 264 B.C. lasted 23 yrs. *Rome – No navy to start war *Quickly developed navy from captured Carthaginian boat *Added landing bridges to ships to take enemies ships

First Punic War: Results *Carthage asked for peace treaty *Rome forced Carthage to pay huge war reparations (repay money) *Romans control Sicily

Second Punic War *218 – 202 B.C. *Hannibal: Great Carthaginian general *Assembled huge army in Spain -Included soldiers, horses and war Elephants *Marched through Alps Italy -Many soldiers died

Hannibal

*Roman Legions no match for Hannibal: retreat Second Punic War *Roman Legions no match for Hannibal: retreat *Hannibal: not equipped to attack Roman cities -Destroyed countryside -Romans: Remained loyal to Rome

Second Punic War *Rome invades Africa and threatens Carthage -Hannibal ordered home *Scipio – Great Roman General *Defeated Hannibal: Battle of Zama

Scipio

Second Punic War: Results *Punishment of Carthage -pay war reparations again -Had to give up navy & Spanish colonies -Lost majority of its power to Rome *Rome: most powerful in Western Mediterranean

*Carthage: not a threat to Rome -still hated Third Punic War *Carthage: not a threat to Rome -still hated *149 B.C. – Roman Senate decides to crush Carthage -Siege on city

Third Punic War: Results 146 B.C. – Carthage eliminated for good Rome: Superpower of the Med. Sea

Problems with Expansion *Expanding size of Rome = changes in government *Senate: controls army/foreign policy *New provinces governed loosely

Problems with Expansion *Conquered people: subjects of Rome. -not citizens ~Overtaxed ~poorly governed ~mistreated

Domestic Problems *B/c of Punic Wars: Farms destroyed -Import grain from territories *Farmers: No money: sold farms and moved to the city -Many could not find work

Domestic Problems *Equites – new social class *Social gap: -Business people: gain money from trade *Social gap: -Rich=richer -Poor=poorer

Spartacus Slave who lead a revolt in 73 B.C. 70,000 Slaves participated Romans: put down revolt in two years Spartacus: died in battle