Birth Control Options Hope is not a method……. Child Development

History Chinese Cocktail- combination of lead and mercury First condoms-made of sheep an goat intestines Romans used to use lemon wedges Teen Pregnancy epidemic in Australia in the 90’s found that teens were using candy wrappers as condoms

Question? How many types or forms of birth control are there?

Types of Birth Control Behavioral ▫Abstinence ▫Fertility Awareness Methods Hormonal ▫Birth Control Pills, Nuva Ring ▫Depo Provera Shot, Plan B Pill ▫Patch, Norplant, Lunelle Barrier ▫Condoms, Diaphrams, IUD’s, Spermicides

Question? What do we need to know about the different birth control methods?

Behavioral Way of life, requires dedication Only used when pregnancy would not be a burden or detrimental

Abstinence The decision to not have sex 100% Effective

Fertility Awareness Method Tempurature ▫Ovulation increases body temperature by.4-.8 degrees Mucus Consistency ▫Mucus at cervix becomes thicker Calendar ▫Must be accurate record keeper and have a regular cycle ▫20 out of 100 women become pregnant

Hormonal Prevents ovulation from occuring Thickens mucus at cervix=prevents sperm from passing through Prevents implantation

Birth Control Pills 1 st available in 1956 Synthetic hormones (estrogen and progestin) Most packs are 21 progestin pills and 7 placebo pills ▫Balance hormone level=take at the same time each day ▫1 out of 100 become pregnant if taken perfectly ▫5 out of 100 become pregnant on average

Seasonale Oral contraceptive pill that supresses your period to 4 times a year instead of 13 Active drug taken for 84 days Placebo taken for 7 days

Birth Control Pills Advantages ▫Reversible ▫Regulates periods, decreases cramps ▫No interference during intercourse Disadvantages ▫Human error ▫Side effects ▫Medical concerns for some women ▫DOES NOT PROTECT AGAINST STI’S

Depo Provera Long-acting form of progestin given by injection Injection every 3 months Prevents ovulation Changes period Reversible—can take up to 18 months to get pregnant Side effects-weight gain and hair loss 1 out of 100 become pregnant

Lunelle Monthly inhjection of synthetic hormone 1 out of 100 become pregnant Side effects can be weight gain and higher blood pressure Was recalled in 2002

Patch Dosage ▫Prevents ovulation ▫3 weeks with patch (1 each week) ▫1 week without patch= week of period ▫8 out of 100 become pregnant

Nuva Ring Plastic ring contains estrogen and progestin Continuous low dosage release Dosage ▫3 weeks with ring inserted ▫1 week without ring ▫2 out of 100 become pregnant

Plan B Emergency Pills 1 st pill taken within 72 hours 2 nd pill takein within 12 hours of first pill Delays or prevents fertilization or inhibits implantation Side effects= nausea, cramps, vomitting 25 out of 100 become pregnant

Norplant Six silicone tubes surgically inserted under skin Releases low dose of hormone into blood stream Lasts five years

Barrier Method Prevents sperm from reaching uterus Prevents fertilized egg from implanting Kills Sperm

Male Condom Made of latex, rubber, or animal skin Offers good protection from STI’s 18 out of 100 become pregnant

Female Condom Made of Polyurethane (stronger than latex) Protects from “inside out” 21 out of 100 become pregnant

Diaphram Latex barrier Inserted before intercourse Medically measured Used in combination with spermicide Changes: ▫Weight loss/gain ▫Pregnancy of miscarriage ▫20 out of 100 become pregnant

IUD Intrauterine device Immobilizes sperm or prevents implantation Medically inserted into uterus lasts up to 12 yrs Disadvantages: spotting, cramping, infections 4 out of 100 become pregnant

Spermicides Nonoxynol- kills sperm Forms available: foams, gels, suppositories Must be inserted into vagina 15 minutes before intercourse Most effective when used in combination with a barrier method 26 out of 100 become pregnant

Sterilization Male: Vasectomy ▫Vas Deferens: cut and tied or burned ▫Prevents sperm from being released ▫Caution: “leftover” sperm Female: Tubal Ligation ▫Fallopian Tubes: cut, tied, or burned surgically ▫Prevents egg from passing into uterus

Suggestions Take charge of your reproductive health ▫Pap Smears=early detection of cervical cancer ▫Get tested before beginning sexual activity with a new partner ▫DON’T BE A FOOL…WRAP YOUR TOOL!