African American Civil Rights Movement. I. Quickly Review Previous Black Civil Rights Struggles (1850’s – 1940’s)

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Presentation transcript:

African American Civil Rights Movement

I. Quickly Review Previous Black Civil Rights Struggles (1850’s – 1940’s)

Pre Civil War Abolition Movement Starts push for black rights Reconstruction Era has mixed legacy 13 th, 14 th & 15 th Amendments passed Federal Gov’t mainly ignores black civil rights during “Gilded Age ” Jim Crow Laws become entrenched Plessy v. Ferguson Supports segregation

WEB DuBois Booker T. Washington Progressive Era Black Civil Rights Activist Differ in Goals & Tactics

1920’s & 1930’s Great Migration NAACP Founded Harlem Renaissance & “New Negro” Marcus Garvey & UNIA

WWII “Double V” Promotes Integration beginning in 1940’s

WHY WERE THESE INJUSTICES LIKELY TO RESULT IN A SOCIAL MOVEMENT? Consider the context of the 1940s and 1950s.

Still, “Jim Crow” laws in South & “de facto” segregation in North strong into the mid 20 th Century

II. Non-Violent Civil Disobedience (mid 1950’s & early ’60’s) “Grassroots” action gradually garners media attention and leads to federal involvement & legal change

Emmett Till Murder Trial (‘55) shocks nation Ordinary Americans pp

Montgomery Bus Boycotts (‘55) Martin Luther King & SCLC Rosa Parks Civil Disobedience Ordinary Americans pp

Little Rock Nine (‘57) Confrontation Results from Brown v. Board (‘54) “Dixiecrats” critical of violation of “states Rights” In “Southern Manifesto” Ordinary Americans pp

Lunch Counter Sit-Ins (‘60) Organized by CORE & SNCC

Freedom Rides (‘61) Force Federal Action

Boycotts/Marches & Reactions garner publicity and enhance political pressure on JFK & LBJ

Birmingham Church Bombing (‘63)

Freedom Summer (1964) & Civil Rights Workers Murdered Ordinary Americans pp

“Bloody Sunday” & Selma March (1965) Ordinary Americans pp

“High Tide” of Non-Violent Black Civil Rights Movement March on Washington & “I Have a Dream” Speech 1963 Landmark Legislation: Civil Rights Act (1964) Voting Rights Act (1965) 24th Amendment (1965) Limits of Success??? Laws change faster than attitudes…rising expectations leads to growing frustration & militancy by mid/late 1960’s