International Baccalaureate Water Pollution

Introduction What Causes Water Pollution?What Causes Water Pollution? –Human Activities Everything we put in waterEverything we put in water Everything we do to the waterEverything we do to the water

Everything We Put in Water SolidSolid SewageSewage Fertilizers and PesticidesFertilizers and Pesticides OilOil

SOLID POLLUTION Everything We Put in the Water

Solid Pollution Things we put in the water: –Cans –Bags –Bottles –Plastic –Paper

Solid Pollution Effects Blocks the sun’s rays Water becomes inhabitable to fish Causes an unbalance in ecosystem

SEWAGE Everything We Put in the Water

Sewage What is Sewage? –Sewage refers to liquid wastes containing a mixture of human wastes and wastewater from non-industrial human activities In Many poor areas of the world, sewage remains untreated

Sewage Effects Risk to Human Health –As a Result 1.5 Millions Deaths Occur Destroys Marine’s Ecosystems –Harming Fish’s Ability of Reproducing –Eutrophication –Can Increase the Turbidity and Sediments –Fish’s Overall Population

FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES Everything We Put in the Water

Fertilizers Materials Used to Provide Plant Nutrients –Contain Essential Ingridients Plants Need – It Can Also be Found in Spray Forms Types of Fertilizers –Complete inorganic fertilizers –Special purpose fertilizer –Liquid fertilizers –Slow-release fertilizer –Fertilizer with insecticide

Pesticides 'Pesticide' is a broad term, covering a range of products that are used to control pests. Farmers Use Pesticides to: –Protect crops –Prevent animals and insects from contaminating in foods –safeguard human health

Effects of Fertilizers and Pesticides Eutrophication Pollution of water Suffocation Death of living organisms Diseases on humans

OIL POLLUTION Everything We Put in the Water

Oil Pollution The worst impacts from oil use is during shipping. Big Spills (37) Routine Maintenance (137) Down the Drain (363) Up in Smoke (92) Offshore Drilling (15) Natural Seeps (62) Oil Pollution (Gallons Per Year)

Effects of Oil Pollution Thousands of Animals Die Immediately –250, ,000 Seabirds –1,000 Otters –300 Harbor Seals –250 Bald Eagles –22 Orcas Destruction of Billions: –Salmons –Herring Eggs

Sound Pollution Desalination Electricity Generation Sound Pollution Desalination Electricity Generation Human Activities

SOUND POLLUTION Human Activities

Sound Pollution Travels 4 times faster than air Speed of sound in water 1230 m/s It’s louder and it travels for bigger distances

Effects of Sound Pollution Navigation Problems Communication Problems

DESALINATION Human Activities

Desalination Brine in Water –Natural Compound –40,000 ppm

Effects of Desalination –Low Oxygen Concentration –Dead Zones

ELECTRICITY GENERATING Human Activities

Electricity Generators Electric Power Plants –Coal, Oil, or Natural Gas is burned or nuclear fuels undergo fission to release huge amount of energy –heat turns water to steam, which in turn spins turbines to produce electricity –the spent steam must be cooled and condensed back into water –the water used for cooling warms 5 to 10 Celsius degrees

Effects of Electricity Generating Increase in the Temperature of Water Increases the metabolic rate of fish Dissolved Oxygen in water decreases

Temperature Increase Eutrophication Decrease in Dissolved Oxygen Dead Zones Coral Bleaching Global Warming Temperature Increase Eutrophication Decrease in Dissolved Oxygen Dead Zones Coral Bleaching Global Warming What Are The Outcomes?

Low Dissolved Oxygen Low Dissolved Oxygen Decreased Fish Population Decreased Fish Population Suffocated Fish Suffocated Fish Altered Food Web

TEMPERATURE INCREASE Effects on Water

Temperature Increase Aquatic life adapted to a certain water temperature can go into shock if temperature is increased by 1 or 2 oC (Global Warming) Increasing the rate of photosynthesis, which increases the amount of plant growth, developing eutrophic conditions Increasing the metabolic rate of fish, which increases their need of oxygen Dissolved Oxygen in water decreases

Solid dot - Upper lethal Limit for a Given species Open dot - Best Temprature for spawning Solid blocks – Preferred Temperature Range

EUTROPHICATION Water Effects

Eutrophication 20 million tonnes (=17%) of that is retained in the food we eat, with the rest washed away into rivers and out to sea. Explosive blooms of algae (= tiny marine plants), sink to the seabed and decompose, using up all the oxygen and suffocating other marine life.

DECREASE IN THE DISSOLVED OXYGEN Water Effects

Dissolved Oxygen

DEAD ZONES Effects on Water

Dead Zones

CORAL BLEACHING Effects on Water

Coral Bleaching Coral Bleaching refers to the loss of colour of corals due to... Causes of Coral Bleaching –Temperature –Solar Irradiance –Sedimentation –Fresh Water Dilution –Inorganic Nutrients

Effects of Coral Bleaching Destroys the habitat of marine organisms Slow growth of some populations Creates an unbalance in the Ecosystem

GLOBAL WARMING Effects on Water

Global Warming An increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere This is done my releasing a vast amount of CO2 to the atmosphere A change of temperature of 1-2oC can dramatically change everything: Violent Storms: Distracts and Destroy our environment. Climate Shifts: Change in temperature in our season. Flora and Fauna: Extinctions. Effects on Humans: No Natural Fresh Water, Fresh area and a HOT environment.

Reduce the amount of waste you create. Before you throw those items away, think about how they can be REUSED. Recycling greatly contributes towards improving the environment by reducing solid pollution. Reduce the amount of waste you create. Before you throw those items away, think about how they can be REUSED. Recycling greatly contributes towards improving the environment by reducing solid pollution. Solutions to Water Pollution

No overdose of fertilizers and pesticides Use them safely and effectively Keep fertilizers, leaves and grass clippings off streets and driveway Prevent soil erosion No overdose of fertilizers and pesticides Use them safely and effectively Keep fertilizers, leaves and grass clippings off streets and driveway Prevent soil erosion Solutions to Water Pollution

MARPOL (for MARine POLlution) Safer oil tankers Pass the heated water through cooling towers or cooling ponds Produce less waste heat Cogeneration MARPOL (for MARine POLlution) Safer oil tankers Pass the heated water through cooling towers or cooling ponds Produce less waste heat Cogeneration Solutions to Water Pollution

"Hundreds of millions of people depend on the marine environment for food, for their livelihoods and for their cultural fulfillment. Unless urgent action is taken to tackle the sources of the problem, it is likely to escalate rapidly." Dr. YK PhD "Hundreds of millions of people depend on the marine environment for food, for their livelihoods and for their cultural fulfillment. Unless urgent action is taken to tackle the sources of the problem, it is likely to escalate rapidly." Dr. YK PhD Conclusion