1. CausesEffectsSolutions Objective: Understand Causes, Effects, and Solutions of Pollution DO NOW: What do you know about the causes, effects and solution of Pollution?

2. Causes: Disposal of pesticides, fertilizer, sewage, heavy metals, chemicals, PCB. Effects: Disruption of food chains Endanger or extinction of species Loss of biodiversity Biomagnification Positive actions: Reduce, reuse, recycle Law and legislation to regulate the disposal of wastes Objective: Understand Causes, Effects, and Solutions of Pollution Key Words: pesticides, fertilizers, sewage, biomagnification Water Pollution, Soil Pollution, and Toxic Wastes

3. Objective: Understand Causes, Effects, and Solutions of Pollution Key Words: pesticides, fertilizers, sewage, biomagnification A decade after the Exxon Valdez oil tanker spilled millions of gallons of crude [oil] off Prince William Sound in Alaska, most of the fish and wildlife species that were injured have not fully recovered. Only two out of the 28 species, the river otter and the bald eagle, listed as being injured from the 1989 spill are considered to be recovered said a new report, which was released by a coalition of federal and Alaska agencies working to help restore the oil spill region. Eight species are considered to have made little or no progress toward recovery since the spill, including killer whales, harbor seals, and common loons [a type of bird]. Several other species, including sea otters and Pacific herring, have made significant progress toward recovery, but are still not at levels seen before the accident the report said. More than 10.8 million gallons of crude oil spilled into the water when the tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground 25 miles south of Valdez on March 24, 1989. The spill killed an estimated 250,000 seabirds, 2,800 sea otters, 300 harbor seals, 250 bald eagles, and up to 22 killer whales. Billions of salmon and herring eggs, as well as tidal plants and animals, were also smothered in oil. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill River Otter Bold Eagle Harbor Seal Common Loon Pacific Herring Whale

4. Objective: Understand Causes, Effects, and Solutions of Pollution Key Words: pesticides, fertilizers, sewage, biomagnification A decade after the Exxon Valdez oil tanker spilled millions of gallons of crude [oil] off Prince William Sound in Alaska, most of the fish and wildlife species that were injured have not fully recovered. Only two out of the 28 species, the river otter and the bald eagle, listed as being injured from the 1989 spill are considered to be recovered said a new report, which was released by a coalition of federal and Alaska agencies working to help restore the oil spill region. Eight species are considered to have made little or no progress toward recovery since the spill, including killer whales, harbor seals, and common loons [a type of bird]. Several other species, including sea otters and Pacific herring, have made significant progress toward recovery, but are still not at levels seen before the accident the report said. More than 10.8 million gallons of crude oil spilled into the water when the tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground 25 miles south of Valdez on March 24, 1989. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill River Otter Bold Eagle Harbor Seal Common Loon Pacific Herring Whale 1) Identify two species that appear to have been least affected by the oil spill. The river otter and the bald eagle.

5. 2) The oil spilled by the Exxon Valdez tanker is an example of a A) renewable resource and is a fossil fuel B) nonrenewable resource and synthesizes ATP C) renewable resource and is a source of ATP D) nonrenewable resource and is a source of energy 3) The impact that the oil spill made on the environment is still being experienced. State information from the reading passage that supports this statement. A decade after the Exxon Valdez oil tanker spilled millions of gallons of crude oil most of the fish and wildlife species that were injured have not fully recovered. OR Eight species are considered to have made little or no progress toward recovery since the spill, including killer whales, harbor seals, and common loons. OR Several other species, including sea otters and Pacific herring, have made significant progress toward recovery but are still not at levels seen before the accident. Objective: Understand Causes, Effects, and Solutions of Pollution Key Words: pesticides, fertilizers, sewage, biomagnification

6. Objective: Understand Causes, Effects, and Solutions of Pollution Key Words: pesticides, fertilizers, sewage, biomagnification A decade after the Exxon Valdez oil tanker spilled millions of gallons of crude [oil] off Prince William Sound in Alaska, most of the fish and wildlife species that were injured have not fully recovered. Only two out of the 28 species, the river otter and the bald eagle, listed as being injured from the 1989 spill are considered to be recovered said a new report, which was released by a coalition of federal and Alaska agencies working to help restore the oil spill region. Eight species are considered to have made little or no progress toward recovery since the spill, including killer whales, harbor seals, and common loons [a type of bird]. Several other species, including sea otters and Pacific herring, have made significant progress toward recovery, but are still not at levels seen before the accident the report said. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill River Otter Bold Eagle Harbor Seal Common Loon Pacific Herring Whale 3) The impact that the oil spill made on the environment is still being experienced. State information from the reading passage that supports this statement. A decade after the Exxon Valdez oil tanker spilled millions of gallons of crude oil most of the fish and wildlife species that were injured have not fully recovered.

7. Objective: Understand Causes, Effects, and Solutions of Pollution Key Words: pesticides, fertilizers, sewage, biomagnification A decade after the Exxon Valdez oil tanker spilled millions of gallons of crude [oil] off Prince William Sound in Alaska, most of the fish and wildlife species that were injured have not fully recovered. Only two out of the 28 species, the river otter and the bald eagle, listed as being injured from the 1989 spill are considered to be recovered said a new report, which was released by a coalition of federal and Alaska agencies working to help restore the oil spill region. Eight species are considered to have made little or no progress toward recovery since the spill, including killer whales, harbor seals, and common loons [a type of bird]. Several other species, including sea otters and Pacific herring, have made significant progress toward recovery, but are still not at levels seen before the accident the report said. More than 10.8 million gallons of crude oil spilled into the water when the tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground 25 miles south of Valdez on March 24, 1989. The spill killed an estimated 250,000 seabirds, 2,800 sea otters, 300 harbor seals, 250 bald eagles, and up to 22 killer whales. Billions of salmon and herring eggs, as well as tidal plants and animals, were also smothered in oil. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill River Otter Bold Eagle Harbor Seal Common Loon Pacific Herring Whale 4) Which autotrophic organisms were negatively affected by the oil spill? Tidal plants were negatively affected by the oil spill.

8. Fish-Eating Birds Magnification of DDT Concentration 10,000,000 100,000 10,000 1,000,000 1 1000 Large Fish Small Fish Zooplankton Producers Water The concentration of a pollutant such as DDT is multiplied as it passes up the food chain from producers to consumers. By the time it reaches the top-level consumers, the amount of DDT in biological tissues can be magnified Nearly 10 millions. By what number is the concentration of DDT multiplied at each successive trophic level? What kind of ecological pyramid does the drawing represent? What do the orange dots represent? What does a pyramid of numbers demonstrate about organisms in an ecosystem? How is this illustration of DDT concentration opposite the pyramid of numbers? Objective: Understand Causes, Effects, and Solutions of Pollution Key Words: pesticides, fertilizers, sewage, biomagnification Biomagnification Toxic materials move through the food chain and damage or kill many kinds of organisms

9. Causes: Warm water from power plants and industries are released into a river or lake. Warm water cannot hold as much oxygen as cold water. Effect: Some species may suffocate as a result of thermal pollution. Disruption of food chains Endanger and extinction of species Loss of biodiversity Positive Actions Use of alternative cleaner source of energy (solar energy or wind energy Objective: Understand Causes, Effects, and Solutions of Pollution Key Words: thermal pollution Thermal Pollution

10. Objective: Understand Causes, Effects, and Solutions of Pollution Key Words: thermal pollution Alternative Cleaner Energy Sources Geo Power Wind Power Solar Power Tidal Power Wave Power Hydroelectric Power

11. Trout Black bass Objective: Understand Causes, Effects, and Solutions of Pollution Key Words: thermal pollution Thermal Pollution Trout and black bass are freshwater fish that normally require at least 8 parts per million (ppm) of dissolved oxygen (O2) in the water for survival. Other freshwater fish, such as carp, may be able to live in water that has an O2 level of 5 ppm. No freshwater fish are able to survive when the O2 level in water is 2 ppm or less. Some factories or power plants are built along rivers so that they can use the water to cool their equipment. They then release the water (sometimes as much as 8°C warmer) back into the same river. The Rocky River presently has an average summer temperature of about 25°C and contains populations of trout, bass, and carp. A proposal has been made to build a new power plant on the banks of the Rocky River. Some people are concerned that this will affect the river ecosystem in a negative way. The data table below shows the amount of oxygen that will dissolve in fresh water at different temperatures. The amount of oxygen is expressed in parts per million (ppm).

12. Trout Black bass Objective: Understand Causes, Effects, and Solutions of Pollution Key Words: thermal pollution Thermal Pollution 1)State one effect of temperature change on the oxygen content of fresh water. [Support your answer using specific information from the data table.] As the temperature increases, the oxygen content decreases. As the temperature increases from 15 C to 20 C the oxygen decreases from 10.10 to 9.11 ppm

13. (1)The power plant will increase the temperature of the river water (2) The dissolved oxygen content of the river will decrease.; (3) The population of trout (and/or bass) may decrease. The carp population may increase. 2) Explain how a new power plant built on the banks of the Rocky River could have an environmental impact on the Rocky River ecosystem downstream from the plant. Your explanation must include the effects of the power plant on: (1) water temperature (2) dissolved oxygen (3) fish species Trout Black bass Objective: Understand Causes, Effects, and Solutions of Pollution Key Words: thermal pollution Thermal Pollution