Psychology Final Exam Review
Psychology Final Exam Review Psychological Theories & Early Psychologists Definition of Psychology DPUI (describe, predict, understand, influence behavior) Wilhelm Wundt First psychologist William James Introspection, first U.S. Psychologist Introspection Free association Famous psychologist – all issues related to sex/aggression/childhood conflict Sigmund Freud
Psychology Final Review Behavior formed by responses to rewards, consequences Behaviorism Behavior formed by childhood conflicts Psychoanalytical Behavior formed by chemical/electrical impulses in brain Neurobiological: behavior controlled by brain chemistry Humanistic Best behavior formed when unconditional regard of humanity is valued Eclectic Behavior as a result of multiple causes/theories
Freud, Defense Mechanisms & Locus of Control Freud’s Theory of Personality All issues based on childhood conflict ID Primitive Impulses EGO Conscience Super Ego Balancing the two Locus of Control How much you are able/not able to control issues in your life Internal Locus of Control Looking at life with you being able to control your future External Locus of Control Looking at life as a result of fate, luck Internal and External Locus of Control, Self Efficacy, Sense that you can achieve Stress: Change : Distress – negative change Eustress – Positive Change
Research Methods Experimental Group Hypothesis Group that experiment is used on Control Group Group that does not get the experiment Placebo Artificial medication with no real ingredients Control Subjects not chose for experiment – could skew results Naturalistic Observation Observation of subjects in natural environment Field Study Study of subjects outside of Lab Hypothesis Educated guess – statement of possible results Independent variable Variable experimenter controls – “If” this happens Dependent Variable Variable as result of experiment – “this” will result Longitudinal Study Study over the lifespan of subjects studied Cross Sectional Study Subjects chosen to represent a sample of population Case Study Detailed study of one subject
Neurobiology Central Nervous System Cerebral Cortex Frontal Lobe Occipital Lobe Blood Brain Barrier Corpus Callosum Limbic System/Mid Brain Cerebellum Amygdala Serotonin, Dopamine Brain Dominance: Right/Left Brain
Sleep & Consciousness REM Sleep Circadian Rhythms Narcolepsy Insomnia
Defense Mechanisms Self Defense Mechanisms, Rationalization, Identification with an Aggressor, Regression, Repression, Reaction Formation, Acting Out, Undoing, Sublimation, Intellectualization, Denial, Suppression, Isolation of Affect. Self Efficacy: esteem Somatoform Disorders (Conversion) Dissociative Fugue, D.I.D.
Psychological Disorders DSM-V Anxiety Disorders – Panic, Phobic, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Dissociative Disorders – Amnesia, Fugue, D.I.D. Mood Disorders: Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Dysthmia, Mania Schizophrenia – Catatonic, Paranoid, Undifferentiated
Personality Disorders & Autism Antisocial, Borderline, Narcissistic, Histrionic, Odd/Eccentric, Borderline Antisocial Personality Disorder/Sociopath/Psychopath Avoidant
Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Cachexia Pica