Referencing Harvard APA (6th ed.)

Referencing Academic writing requires you to understand the ideas and writing of other people. You should always acknowledge the work of others Referencing your source material also allows your readers to find your sources and read them for themselves It stops you plagiarising! Chichester College uses Harvard APA 6 th edition, following the style used at the University of Portsmouth

Harvard referencing In the main part of your essay you need to detail clearly the surname of the author you are quoting from and the year their work was published (add a page number if appropriate) – citation The reader should then be able to cross-reference this to a more detailed list at the end - reference list

Direct quotes Use the exact words from the book or web page Keep them brief, just a few words or a couple of sentences Put quotation marks around the quote Add a citation and reference to show where you found the information

Indirect quotes It is better to rewrite the information you find in your own words You can summarise or paraphrase the information You still need to provide a citation and reference as you didn’t create the original information yourself

Summarising To summarise you need to give a brief overview of the information Include the main idea and key points in your own words It should be much shorter than the original writing

Paraphrasing To paraphrase you need to completely rewrite the information in your own words It shows what you know and understand about the subject It should be about the same length as the original information

How to avoid plagiarising – and last minute panics Good record keeping and note taking are essential to this process Do not copy and paste from the internet into your notes Read the article, make your own notes and use these for your assignment Make sure you collect the information you need to reference the webpage Have a system to keep track of your sources of information Write a reference for every source you think you might use You can collect these by using a spreadsheet, document, sheets of paper or cards

Examples of citations (books) Direct quotation Fill (2013, p. 76) states that “the four main ways in which sensory stimuli can be organised are figure-ground, grouping, closure and contour”. or “The four main ways in which sensory stimuli can be organised are figure-ground, grouping, closure and contour” (Fill, 2013, p. 76). Indirect quotation Fill (2013, p. 76) identifies four sensory perception factors. or There are four sensory perception factors (Fill, 2013, p. 76).

Note – Webpages do not always have all the information available in other sources. Use the following formats. Direct quotation “How could we grab the attention of a generation of teens and persuade them that cereals were intensely cool?” (Kellogg’s, 2014). Direct quotation with no date “Time management is about making things happen, rather than having them happen to you. You need to get control!” (Greenhow, n.d.). Indirect quotation with no author In a roundup of the latest mobile payment technologies (“Google takes on Apple”, 2015) … Examples of citations from webpages

References The reference you write in your reference list will give all the details of the source where you read the original quotation The reference list should be one alphabetical list and include references to all types of resource used Begin each reference with the surname of the author/editor or the organisation name which you used to begin the citation

Title Marketing communications: brands, experiences and participation Author Fill, C. Publisher Pearson Place Harlow Edition 6th ed. Year 2013 This example shows where to find all the information necessary to compile a book reference

Harvard APA references books Author, Initials. (year). Title of book (Edition, if later than first e.g. 3rd ed.). Place of publication: Publisher. Fill, C. (2013). Marketing communications: brands, experiences and participation (6th ed.). Harlow: Pearson.

Harvard APA references - webpages The basic pattern for a webpage is Author’s surname, Initials. Or organisation (year, when site was produced or document published). Title. Retrieved from Internet address Kellogg’s. (2014). Kellogg's Krave: the quest for the chocovore idol. Retrieved from -krave-the-quest-for-the-chocovore-idol/

Webpage information If no year is given write n.d. You can use an organisation as an author if you cannot see the name of a person If no author is given begin with the title of the document You must include the words Retrieved from before the web address If the document is part of a large website e.g. a government department, give the name of the department followed by a colon : before the web address

Harvard APA References Webpage examples Webpage with no date Greenhow, M. (n.d.). Study skills online. Retrieved from Webpage with no author Google takes on Apple with Android Pay. (2015). Retrieved from the BBC News website:

Harvard APA references Articles – printed sources Magazine article: Barrett, L. (2001, August 23). Daewoo’s drive to survive in the UK. Marketing Week, Journal article: McQueen, H. & Webber, J. (2009). What is very important to learning? Journal of Further and Higher Education, 33(3),

Over to you… Create a citation & reference for the book using the photocopied sheets provided Citation Remember Author surname, year, page number Reference Remember Author surname, Initials. (year). Title of book (Edition, if later than first e.g. 3rd ed.). Place of publication: Publisher.

Answer Citation Mullins (2010, p. 151) points out “Tests can sample behaviour only at one particular moment in time”. Reference Mullins, L. J. (2010). Management & organisational behaviour (9th ed.). Harlow : Pearson.

Exercise 2 Create a citation and reference for this monthly magazine article using the photocopied sheets Citation Author surname, year, page number Reference Author surname, Initials. (year, month). Title of article. Title of magazine, page number.

Answer Handy (2012, p. 36) suggests that “the next good idea would be to require directors to obey the law and put the long-term interests of the company as a whole before those of themselves…”. Handy, C. (2012, Oc tober). The unintended consequences of good ideas. Harvard Business Review, 36.

If you haven’t read the original source you don’t need to give the details of the original in your reference list You should reference the source you actually read You need to cite both sources, the original author and date and the source where you found it Secondary referencing “What if I haven’t read the original source?”

“The direction and scope of an organization over the longer term, which ideally matches its resources to its changing environment...” This definition of strategy found on page 113 of a management handbook by Michael Armstrong published in 2006 is attributed to authors Johnson and Scholes from an original source published in 1993.

Secondary citation & reference Citation for both sources “The direction and scope of an organization over the longer term, which ideally matches its resources to its changing environment …” (Johnson & Scholes, 1993, cited by Armstrong, 2006, p. 113). Reference for the book you actually read Armstrong, M. (2006). A handbook of human resource management practice (10th ed.). London: Kogan Page.

Sample reference list Your reference list will include all resources in one alphabetical sequence by author Armstrong, M. (2006). A handbook of human resource management practice (10th ed.). London: Kogan Page. Barrett, L. (2001, August 23). Daewoo’s drive to survive in the UK. Marketing Week, Fill, C. (2013). Marketing communications: brands, experiences and participation. (6th ed.). Harlow: Pearson. Google takes on Apple with Android Pay. (2015). Retrieved from the BBC News website: Greenhow, M. (n.d.). Study skills online. Retrieved from Kellogg’s. (2014). Kellogg's Krave: the quest for the chocovore idol. Retrieved from McQueen, H. & Webber, J. (2009). What is very important to learning? Journal of Further and Higher Education, 33(3),

Where to get help - online

Where to get help You can download the Chichester College referencing handouts from the library page in Chichester Online Ask in the library if you would like further help with referencing