Directional Terms Here is the proper anatomical position. Stand up. Make sure you are standing straight. Feet pointing toward the front Palms out. That’s right, point those thumbs away from your body.

Superior Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body, above Inferior Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body, below

Anterior (Ventral) Toward or at the front of the body; in front of Posterior (Dorsal) Toward or at the backside of the body; behind

Medial Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of Lateral Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a midline of the body; on the outer side of Intermediate Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

Proximal Close to the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk Distal Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Superficial (External) Toward or at the body surface Deep (Internal) Away from the body surface, more internal

Let’s try some of these The wrist is ___________ to the hand. The breastbone is ___________ to the spine The brain is ___________ to the spinal cord The lungs are ___________ to the stomach The thumb is ___________ to the fingers (remember proper position) proximal anterior superior lateral

Body Planes/sections Sagittal section – cut made along the longitudinal plane of the body that divides the body or organ into left and right parts Frontal section - cut made along the longitudinal plane of the body that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior parts Transverse section – cut made along a horizontal plane of the body that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior parts. Also known as a cross section.

Body Cavities Dorsal Body Cavity – contains the ◦ Cranial cavity – the space inside the bony skull ◦ Spinal cavity – extends from the cranial cavity nearly to the end of the vertebral column. The vertebrae surround the spinal cavity

Body Cavities Ventral Body Cavity – contains the ◦ Thoracic cavity – superior cavity that contains the lungs and heart. It is separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm and is protected by the rib cage. ◦ Abdominal cavity – Intermediate cavity that contains the stomach, intestines, and liver. ◦ Pelvic cavity – most inferior cavity that contains the reproductive organs, bladder and rectum

Practice Website online.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP15305

Full-scale Figure 1.5 On a piece of bulletin board paper, trace one of the people in your group in the proper anatomical position on both sides of the paper. Use figure 1.5 on page 12 (or your homework from yesterday) to label each landmark listed on page 13. (This is what tomorrow’s memory check is on so study as you go). Also, incorporate the directional terms from page 14 onto your drawing as well.

Homework Study for the Memory Check