Minerals. What is a mineral? Solid (hard) Natural (not man made) Inorganic (not living) Crystal structure (repeating pattern) Definite composition (made.

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Presentation transcript:

Minerals

What is a mineral? Solid (hard) Natural (not man made) Inorganic (not living) Crystal structure (repeating pattern) Definite composition (made of the same thing throughout)

Common Examples of Minerals Gold Diamond Quartz Feldspar Copper

How to tell them apart Properties or Characteristics –Physical traits of the mineral

Properties Color –Least useful, the same mineral can be many colors

Properties Transparency –How see through the mineral is Some Transparent Examples: TRANSPARENTTRANSLUCENTOPAQUE

Properties Luster –The way the light reflects off the mineral

Properties Crystal Shape –Repeating patterns

Properties Streak- The color of a mineral’s powder Some minerals do not leave powder

Properties Hardness –What the mineral can scratch Diamond10 Corundum9 Topaz8 Quartz7 Orthoclase (Feldspar)6 Apatite5 Fluorite4 Calcite3 Gypsum2 Talc1 2.5Fingernail 2.5–3Gold, Silver 3Copper penny 4-4.5Platinum 4-5Iron 5.5Knife blade 6-7Glass 6.5Iron pyrite 7+Hardened steel file Mohs Hardness Scale

Properties Cleavage- breaks into flat sheets Fracture- breaks jaggedly

Properties Reaction to acid- some minerals bubble when acid is put on them

Properties Special properties –Magnetism –Optical illusions –Fluorescence