1. 11/16/2015 Starter: 11/16/2015 107 108 Minerals Practice: Notes : minerals Application: Minerals WS Connection: Name some things that you have that are made of minerals Exit : Summarize notes EQ: How can comparing and contrasting help me to understand how matter physically or chemically changes?

2. Starter Gold 67.5 20 ml Because it expands when it freezes 1000 grams15

3. Agenda  1. Starter  2. Minerals Notes  3.Minerals Ws  4. Exit

4. Table of Contents DateLecture/ Activity/ Lab Page 10/27 Writing Chemical Formulas 81-82 10/28 Ionic Bonding 83-84 10/29 ChemicalEquations and the Conservation of Mass 85-86 10/30 Balancing Act 87-88 11/02 Balancing Chemical Equations Activity 89-90 11/03 See Saw Poster 91-92 11/4 Law of Conservation of Mass Lab 93-94 11/5 Balancing Equations Review 95-96 11/6 Physical and Chemical Changes Notes 97-98 11/9 Physical and Chemical Properties Lab 99-100 11/10 Balancing Chemical Equations Writing 101-102 11/12 Signs of a Chemical change Video Quiz 103-104 11/13 Physical and Chemical Ws 105-106 11/16 Minerals 107-108

5. Minerals

6. What is a Mineral?  It must be inorganic – not formed from living things.  It must be found naturally.  It must have a definite chemical composition.  It must be formed of crystals.(# of faces and angles)  Must be a solid

7. Types of Minerals  Silicates –Minerals that contain silicon and oxygen –90% of the earth’s crust are made of these type of minerals –Ex. Quartz, mica  Non-silicates –Minerals that contain no silicon and oxygen –Ex. Halite, calcite

8. Properties of Minerals  Color –The color of a mineral is not the best way to identify it. –Color depends on many factors and can change from sample to sample.

9. Mineral Properties  Luster –Metallic luster; shiny, looks like a metal (gold, silver, copper) –Sub-metallic luster; dull metal finish(lead, hematite) –Non-metallic; waxy, glassy, dull, pearly(quartz, calcite, sulfur)

10. Types of Luster Metallic Sub-Metallic Non-Metallic

11. Mineral Properties  Streak –color of a mineral in powdered form –the streak is always the same for a mineral no matter what the surface color is. –streak plates are used to determine the color –some minerals leave no streak

12. Mineral Properties  Cleavage –The tendency of a mineral to break along specific planes.  Fracture –When a mineral breaks with no set planes.

13. Mineral Properties  Density –Each mineral has a specific density –Density is the amount of matter in a given space –The more matter in a smaller space the higher the density. –D=m/v

14. Mineral Properties  Hardness –Hardness is the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched. –Mohs scale of hardness developed by German mineralogist Friedrich Mohs organizes minerals by hardness.

15. Mohs Scale of Hardness in order from softest to hardest  1 – Talc  2 – Gypsum  3 – Calcite

16. Mohs Scale of Hardness  4 – Fluorite  5 – Apatite  6 – Orthoclase

17. Mohs Scale of Hardness  7 – Quartz  8 – Topaz  9 – Corundum  10 – Diamond

18. Field Hardness Test  1 – easily scratched by fingernail  2 – scratched by fingernail  3 – easily scratched by nail, won’t scratch a copper penny  5 – Hard to scratch with a nail; won’t scratch glass  7 – scratches glass  8-10 – scratches steel

19. Special Properties of Some minerals  Fluorescence (glows)  Chemical reaction (produces bubbles)  Radioactivity (gives off energy)  Optical properties (can see through them)  Magnetism (attracts things)  Taste-(You should never use taste to identify an unknown mineral)

20. Ore  Is a combination of minerals that has enough of one type of metal or mineral that it can be extracted. –Example: Galena is an ore for Lead

21. 11/16/2015 Starter: 11/16/2015 107 108 Minerals Practice: Notes : minerals Application: Minerals WS Connection: Name some things that you have that are made of minerals Exit : Summarize notes EQ: How can comparing and contrasting help me to understand how matter physically or chemically changes?