1. Do Now / Vocab  Mineral Naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with specific chemical composition and crystal structure  Crystal Solid where atoms or ions are arranged in orderly repeating pattern  Cleavage Mineral’s tendency to split along plane of crystal structure where bonds are weakest

3. Pgs 96-102

4. Objectives 1. Define what a mineral is 2. Explain why minerals have different properties 3. Identify & describe the main properties of minerals 4. Identify the common chemical composition of minerals

5. 1. What is a mineral?  Naturally occurring inorganic solid with definite chemical composition and crystalline structure  Mineralogists study minerals  Characteristics Occur naturally Inorganic Solid Definite chemical composition Crystals: Atoms arranged in orderly repeating pattern

6. 2. Why do minerals to have different physical properties?  Their internal arrangement of atoms

7. Graphite & diamond

8. 3. What are the main characteristics used to ID minerals? 1. Color 2. Streak 3. Luster 4. Cleavage 5. Fracture 6. Hardness

9. Color  Poor indicator…WHY? Minerals can be multiple colors Many minerals can be the same color Impurities

10. Streak  Color of “powder” on streak plate  More reliable than color

11. Luster  Way mineral shines in light  Metallic or non-metallic (pearly, oily, dull)

12. Cleavage  The mineral breaks in a predictable pattern because of its arrangement of atoms (weak bonds)

21. Fracture  The mineral breaks randomly

22. Hardness  Resistance to being scratched  It is NOT the same as breaking!

23. HARDNESSMINERAL 1 (SOFTEST)Talc 2Gypsum 3Calcite 4Fluorite 5Apatite 6Feldspar 7Quartz 8Topaz 9Corundum 10 (HARDEST)Diamond Finger nail (2.5) Copper Penny (3.5) Iron Nail (4.5) Glass (5.5) Steel File (6.5) Streak Plate (7.0)

24. How are minerals structured?  Crystal Atoms or ions are arranged in orderly repeating pattern Many different shapes and sizes

26. Other Characteristics  Magnetic  Taste  Fluorescence  Radioactive  Double refraction

27. 4. What are the most common elements in the Earth’s crust by mass?  ESRT pg 1  Oxygen (46.6%)  Silicon (27.7%)  These two elements combine to form compounds called silicates (SiO 4 )

28.  They combine in a specific structure called a: silicon-oxygen tetrahedra