1. EQ: What are the properties of a mineral?
Minerals
EQ: What are the properties of a mineral?

2. Definition Naturally occurring Inorganic (non living) Solid
Definite chemical composition
Crystalline structure
Arrangement of ions
Used for identification
Example: diamond vs. coal/graphite

3. Diamond vs. coal

4. Mineral Formation
Almost all minerals form from magma, the molten rock beneath the earth’s surface.
When magma cools, mineral crystals are formed.

5. When magma cools slowly, large crystals form.

6. When magma cools rapidly, small crystals form.

7. When magma cools very, very quickly on the earth’s surface, no crystals will form at all.

8. Mineral identification
Color
Sulfur- yellow
Pyrite- fool’s gold
Azurite- blue
Malachite- green

9. Mineral Identification
Can’t use:
Different minerals can have the same color
Some minerals have different colors.
Minerals can change color over time through weathering.

10. Moh’s Scale of hardness
Talc-easily scratched with fingernail
Gypsum-scratched with fingernail
Calcite-scratched with copper penny
Fluorite-scratched with steel nail
Apatite-easily scratched with steel nail
Feldspar-scratches glass with force
Quartz-scratches glass with moderate force
Topaz-scratches glass with minimal force
Corundum-scratches glass easily
Diamond-cuts glass

11. streak
The powder left behind when a mineral is rubbed on an unglazed ceramic tile.
Metal- dark streak
Non metal- light streak
Non metal- no streak

12. Luster The way a mineral reflects light Glassy Greasy Earthy Metallic
pearly

13. What is the luster of this mineral?

14. What is the luster of this mineral?

15. What is the luster of this mineral?

16. What is the luster of this mineral?

17. What is the luster of this mineral?

18. Cleavage A tendency of a mineral to split along an even plain.
One directional
Peels off in layers
Example- biotite and muscovite.

19. cleavage
Two directional
Flat and shiny plains
Example: feldspar

20. cleavage
3 directional
Calcite and halite
4 directional
fluorite

21. The uneven splitting of a mineral.
Fracture
The uneven splitting of a mineral.

22. Magnetism
Is the mineral magnetic?
Example: magnetite

23. Hydrochloric acid makes the mineral fizz.
Acid test
Hydrochloric acid makes the mineral fizz.