HISTORY - INDIA LESSON #4. Indus River Valley Civilizations Dravidian Era (3000 B.C. - 1500 B.C.) dark skinned people (Dravidians) no written records:

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HISTORY - INDIA LESSON #4

Indus River Valley Civilizations Dravidian Era (3000 B.C B.C.) dark skinned people (Dravidians) no written records: artifacts for studying polytheistic: worshipped animals CLOSE TO RIVER – Food – transportation

Aryans: fair skin racist: no mixing w/ Dravidians create caste system stories (Vedas) - passed down by oral tradition stories later written in Sanskrit Invasions and Integration (mixing) Dravidian Aryan

Quick Quiz 1.Why would a civilization appear near to a river? 2.How are Aryans different from Dravidians? 3.What is a Veda?

Muslim & Mongols (Mughals) Muslim Empire (750 – 1500) lower castes embraced Islam Gave rise to Sikhs: Muslims with adaptations of Hinduism Mughal Empire (1200s) Most famous: Shah Jihan Taj Mahal to Mumtaz Mahal (she had died after 14 th child) click

Quick Quiz 1.Describe what the Taj looks like. 2.What IS the Taj Mahal? 3.How many people are IN the Taj today?

European Invasion 1. Age of European Imperialism (1500s – 1947) 1498 – Portugal 1707 – Dutch East India company French Mississippi Company British East India Company took Western Cities of India – hired SEPOYS to help in fight (Indian soldiers) 1857 – Sepoys rebelled – led to general rebellion 2. Britain annexed India Queen Victoria became EMPRESS VICTORIA Next 100 yrs – British ruled India forced Indian farmers to grow cash crops

European Dominance of India

OPIUM TEA SPICES European Interest & Trade with India

Indian Assimilation Schools, hospitals, roads, railroads Cash Crops English Language

Rebellion by Indians Sepoy Rebellion, 1857 Sepoys were Indians hired to be soldiers British merchants hired them for protection British government started using them as military Sepoys rebelled The guns were loaded with cartridges Cartridges were coated with animal fat Indians didn’t want to bite into animals

Empress Victoria English Annexation of India (Start of the “British Raj”) Queen Victoria Britain saw the danger of trusting Sepoys as their main military in India British government annexed India Goal: greater control This ended Indian independence Indians would now be treated as slaves

Quick Quiz 1.What nation came to annex India? 2.What was a Sepoy? 3.Who is Victoria (to India)?

Indian Independence Indian Independence ( ) 1920s – Mohandas Gandhi organized mass mobilization Complete non-cooperation with British 1940s – Muslims demanded their own nation – Civil War 1947 (15 August) – two nations formed 10,000,000 uprooted by partition 1 mil. Deaths in civil war Expulsions, riot, killings, refugees, racism Kashmir still not settled

Indian Nationalism Mohandas Gandhi (Mahatma) Civil Disobedience Shame British into leaving Dressed like a commoner Salt March

Disaster in the Indian Nationalism AMRITSAR MASSACRE: British troops open-fired on peaceful Indian protesters In 10 min., 379 were killed & 1,100 were wounded

Indian Independence

Quick Quiz 1.What did Gandhi do for Indians in India? 2.What type of “attack” did he encourage? 3.What two “sides” fought in the Civil War?

Modern India Jawaharlal Nehru Indira Gandhi Daughter of Nehru assassinated Rajiv Gandhi Son of Indira Dr. Manmohan Singh 2004-present