War of 1812 and its Aftermath Standard 8-3 The student will demonstrate an understanding of South Carolina’s role in the development of the new national government

Today’s Outline Westward Expansion War of 1812 “Era of Good Feelings”

Westward Expansion Manifest Destiny—God given right for America to move west

Northwest Ordinance (1787) Organized the frontier area northwest of the Ohio River (Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana, Illinois) into a new U.S. territory Established precedent by which the federal government would expand westward across North America and admit new states First compromise between North and South over slavery Did not address the issue of Indian claims

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

828,000 square miles for $15,000,000 Controlled by Spain, 1763–1800 Federalists opposed purchase Secured U.S. access to all of Mississippi River Lewis and Clark Expedition (1803–6) Contains all or part of 15 U.S. states

Internal Improvements (“American System”) Early roads and canals were either private or local endeavors – Santee Canal (1793–1800) President Jefferson unsuccessfully lobbied for a national system of roads and canals Cumberland Road (1811–37) – Cumberland, Md. To Vandalia, Illinois Picture: National Archives

War of 1812 SC History Analyze the position of SC on the issues that divided the nation in the early 1800s, including the assumption of state debt, the creation of a national bank, the protective tariff and the role of the United States in the European conflict between France and England in the War of 1812.

Precursors to War of 1812 “Chesapeake-Leopard Affair” 22 June 1807 Hampton Roads, Virginia HMS Leopard (50-gun ship) USS Chesapeake (38-gun frigate) Searching for deserting British sailors Americans clamored for war

Precursors to War of 1812 Chesapeake-Leopard Affair Embargo of 1808 Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 Declaration of War: 18 June 1812 President James Madison Picture: National Archives

Causes of War of 1812 British interference with U.S. shipping Impressment of U.S. sailors British support of Indian raids on U.S. frontier U.S. Expansionism – U.S. sought to assert sovereignty over its frontiers – “War Hawks”: volatile frontier Democratic-Republicans – John C. Calhoun Picture: National Archives

First Phase of the War of 1812 U.S. army and navy unprepared for war Britain preoccupied with fighting Napoleon Canada and the Great Lakes: – July–Oct. 1812: U.S. forces make two unsuccessful attempts to invade Canada – Fall of 1813: U.S. fails to take Montreal but secures Lake Erie Battle of Lake Champlain (Sept. 1814) Mrs. Deters and Napoleon

Second Phase of the War of 1812 Napoleon abdicated, April 1814 Britain turned its military might on U.S. Burning of Washington D.C. (August 1814) Battle of Baltimore (September 1814) – Francis Scott Key: “Star Spangled Banner” Charleston prepares for invasion: Fall 1814 Battle of New Orleans (8 January 1815) – “War Hawk” General Andrew Jackson

Battle of New Orleans

Treaty of Ghent Signed 24 December 1814 Ratified by U.S. senate 16 February 1815 Restored pre-war “status quo” U.S. neither lost nor gained territory Lasting effect of the War of 1812?

Post-war Recovery U.S. encumbered with large war debt Second Bank of the U.S. (1816–18) – consolidate the nation’s war debt – combat rampant inflation – facilitate easy lending to citizens and corporations Tariff of 1816 – First federal tariff to explicitly protect American manufacturing interests against foreign competition – Southern support of temporary protectionism

“Era of Good Feelings,” 1815–1825 Post-war wave of exuberant nationalism Associated with James Monroe’s administrations – Advocated political “amalgamation” – “Good Will Tour,” 1817–1819 Recognition of legitimacy of the federal government and the nation in general American desire for peace and tranquility after years of war and party strife Picture: National Archives