Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) & Meter Data Management (MDM) ENGR83 Foothill College

Overview What is AMI? Evolution of AMI What is MDM? Drivers of MDM Smart meters Energy NOCs

AMI Defined Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) are systems that measure, collect, and analyze energy usage, and communicate with metering devices such as electricity meters, gas meters, heat meters, and water meters, either on request or on a schedule. These systems include hardware, software, communications, consumer energy displays and controllers, customer associated systems, Meter Data Management (MDM) software, and supplier business systems. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_meter#Advanced_metering_infrastructure

MDM Defined Meter data management (MDM) refers to a key component in the Smart Grid infrastructure that is in the process of being evolved and adopted by utility companies. An MDM system performs long term data storage and management for the vast quantities of data delivered by smart metering systems. This data consists primarily of usage data and events that are imported from the head end servers that manage the data collection in Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) or Automatic meter reading (AMR) systems. An MDM system will typically import the data, then validate, cleanse and process it before making it available for billing and analysis. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter_data_management

Evolution of Advanced Metering AMR - Automatic Meter Reading AMI – Advanced Metering Infrastructure AGI – Advanced Grid Infrastructure ? Benefits Revenue mgmt. Reduced intrusion Customer service Outage restoration Asset management Enhanced customer svc. Outage identification System planning Reduced losses Demand response Feeder automation Web applications Typical Functionality Monthly kWh readings Outage management support On-demand reads Expanded hourly data Downline automation Circa 1985 Circa 2000 Circa 2007 Daily kWh readings Home area network interface Limited hourly data Demand Response Disconnect / reconnect Load control Technologies Walk-by radio Fixed radio PLC – 2 way Star and mesh radio Drive-by radio PLC – 1 way Fixed/Tower RF–2 way Broadband/WiMax??

Smart Grid Component Infrastructure Planning CIS GIS OMS WFM AVL Asset Mgmt Others AMI SCADA Crew Dispatch Generation & load dispatch Data Acquisition and Control Data Management Engine(s) Integration Bus Applications Wide Area Network Strategies Backhaul / bulk Medium to broadband Data, video, voice Public and private RF, fiber, satellite Local Area Network Strategies “Last Mile” and AMI systems Low to Medium band RF and PLC Home Area Networks Emerging technologies Zigbee, Insteon, Z-Wave, 6LoWPAN, etc Home automation & generation Meters Down-line automation & asset management Crew Mgmt. Substations

Energy ICT - http://www.energyict.com/ MDM over WAN using SOA Energy ICT - http://www.energyict.com/

AMI Networks The network between the measurement devices and business systems allows collection and distribution of information to customers, suppliers, utility companies, and service providers. This enables these businesses to participate in demand response services. Consumers can use information provided by the system to change their normal consumption patterns to take advantage of lower prices. Pricing can be used to curb growth of peak consumption. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_line_communication

AMI Technology Comparison Core AMI Technology  PLC RF Mesh RF Tower Digital Cellular WiMAX / WiFi Vendors Aclara Cooper L+G Elster Itron Landis+Gyr SilverSpring Tantalus (hybrid) Trilliant Sensus SmartSynch Consert Other start-ups SkyTeq Optimal deployment scenarios Rapid, system wide Targeted Trial system (in 2 – 3 years) Communications status Power-Line Unlicensed Licensed Public Maturity of systems High Moderate Very Low Capital cost of Infrastructure : annual operating expense Medium : Low Low : High High : Medium Data throughput Low to moderate Moderate to high Very High Ability to serve customer based SmartGrid applications Low to medium Medium to high Ability to serve SmartGrid applications Medium Low

Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) Automatic meter reading, or AMR, is the technology of automatically collecting consumption, diagnostic, and status data from water meter or energy metering devices (gas, electric) and transferring that data to a central database for billing, troubleshooting, and analyzing. This technology mainly saves utility providers the expense of periodic trips to each physical location to read a meter. Another advantage is that billing can be based on near real-time consumption rather than on estimates based on past or predicted consumption. This timely information coupled with analysis can help both utility providers and customers better control the use and production of electric energy, gas usage, or water consumption. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_meter_reading

Meter Data Analytics Meter Data Analytics refers to the analysis of data from electric smart meters that record consumption of electric energy. Replacement of traditional scalar meters with smart meters is a growing trend primarily in North America and Europe. These smart meters send usage data to the central head end systems as often as every minute from each meter whether installed at a residential or a commercial or an industrial customer. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter_data_analytics

Meter Data Analytics Firms 1) Oracle Utilities Meter Data Analytics Provides an efficient mechanism to extract high volume smart meter data out of meter data management systems in order to analyze the data without affecting the transactional system. It also provides comprehensive list of high level and detailed dashboards for usage patterns, head end system performance, meter installs, theft detection, VEE exception analysis, and tamper event analysis. 2) eMeter Analytics Foundation Covers AMI health, outage and event analysis and load monitoring. 3) DataRaker Operates on a SaaS model to provide analytics based on utilities data. According to Smart Grid Update [1] currently data that is required for complete meter data analytics solution does not reside in the same database, instead, resides in disparate databases among various departments of utility companies. Another challenges is that Meter Data Analytics need to deal with big data problem. Many utility companies do not have infrastructure to support such needs. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter_data_analytics

Power Line Communication Power line communication (PLC) is a system for carrying data on a conductor that is also used for electric power transmission. It is also known as power line carrier, power line digital subscriber line (PDSL), mains communication, power line telecom (PLT), power line networking (PLN), and broadband over power lines (BPL). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_line_communication

PLC-based AMI Corporate Network AMI Server MDM Server Other Servers Substation 1 Substation 2 Circuit 1 Circuit 2 Wide Area Network Or Direct Backhaul WAN communications from office to substations via radio, fiber, or satellite LAN communications from substations to meters uses utility power lines

Power Line Communication A wide range of power line communication technologies are needed for different applications, ranging from home automation to Internet access. Electrical power is transmitted over long distances using high voltage transmission lines, distributed over medium voltages, and used inside buildings at lower voltages. Most PLC technologies limit themselves to one set of wires (such as premises wiring within a single building), but some can cross between two levels (for example, both the distribution network and premises wiring). Typically transformers prevent propagating the signal, which requires multiple technologies to form very large networks. Various data rates and frequencies are used in different situations.

Power Line Communication http://withfriendship.com/user/mithunss/power-line-communication.php

Power-line-carrier AMI Systems Three PLC-based AMI systems are offered: Aclara (TWACS), Cooper (Cannon), L+G (Hunt) The PLC network has fault tolerance, message prioritization and flexibility built-in, providing a robust two-way network which provides communications to Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), Demand Response (DR), and DA applications.  This network enables scheduled meter data collection, real time on demand reads in 3-6 seconds, and broadcast capabilities that allow load sheds in less than 2 seconds, the fastest DR network available.  The PLC network is well-suited to rural areas and provides a reliable, cost-effective solution to connect a utility to its customers at the reaches of its service territory regardless of meter density, terrain, or foliage conditions. The AMI modules have superior onboard intelligence and substantial memory allowing for the most advanced feature-set in the industry, even when using the simplest of electronic meters.  All AMI parameters are configurable via the network and are consistent with feature-sets offered in Cooper Power Systems higher-density AMI solution allowing utilities to offer a consistent level of service to all its customers. http://www.cooperindustries.com/content/public/en/power_systems/products/automation_and_control/amr_ami/power_line_carrier_control.html © The National Rural Telecommunications Cooperative

Wireless AMI Systems Common types of wireless systems Mesh – unlicensed Cooper Elster Itron Landis + Gyr Silver Spring Tantalus Trilliant Tower – licensed Aclara Sensus Digital Cellular – public SmartSynch (AT&T) Fixed Broadband – public SkyTeq

RF – Mesh AMI Corporate Network AMI Server MDM Server Other Servers Substation 1 Wide Area Network WAN communications from office to collectors is via public or private TCP/IP communications LAN communications from collectors to meters use a custom designed techniques which allow meters to communicate through a dynamically created shorter range unlicensed wireless mesh (Hundreds of feet). Increased number of collectors may increase throughput and reduce latency. Substation 2

RF – Tower AMI Corporate Network Substation 1 Substation 2 Substation 3 Corporate Network AMI Server MDM Server Other Servers Wide Area Network Or Direct Backhaul WAN communications from office to substations via radio, fiber, or satellite LAN communications from towers to meters use custom designed techniques which allow meters to communicate to more than one tower using longer range licensed wireless (Tens of miles). Same network can support Distribution Automation and other applications. Towers may be added for improved coverage.

Massively Redundant Communications Paths © The National Rural Telecommunications Cooperative

RF – Digital Cell AMI Corporate Network Substation 1 Substation 2 Corporate Network AMI Server MDM Server Other Servers Wide Area Network – Local Area Network using AT&T GPRS All communications from office to meter is made using publically available digital cell carriers. There is no infrastructure cast but there is a continuous expense for data handling. All meters are IP-enabled. There is no experience with handling distribution automation applications.

© The National Rural Telecommunications Cooperative WiMAX/WiFi Corporate Network Other Servers Substation 1 AMI Server WIMAX/WiFi Network Insteon Residence WiMAX/WiFi enabled (Future) MDM Server Meters interfaced via HAN Large infrastructure costs Deliver broadband internet service to customers (possible revenue source?) IP-enabled meters (currently limited availability) Water uses Orion system (today) © The National Rural Telecommunications Cooperative

HAN Systems Architecture Head End Servers Displays LCM Multi-Comm PCT/G-way H/W HAN SmartPoint Gateway - Energy Gateway - Web - HTTPS - End-User Portal - Unified UI - Personal Energy Network AMI Solar - Other Gateways - PHEVs DG / DS Energy Mgt. Future… Storage + _ 3rd Party Svcs AMI Communications Path

MDM is….. The evolution of Load Research Systems created in the 1970’s to serve commercial and industrial customers, wholesale interchange metering, and PURPA. A platform that enables fundamental changes in how utilities operate using vast amounts of measured data and information A centralized data management and data storage platform for existing data and future data collected from AMI systems and new Smart Grid technologies A centralized integration point for integrating utility applications utilizing web-services, Multi-Speak, ODBC, XML, etc. Centralized data analysis and reporting of all operational data A provider of Interval Data Validation, Editing and Estimation (VEE), Meter Read Profiling, Load Research, Energy Settlement, Energy Data Presentation, and Line Loss Analysis A foundation for launching future customer programs including new customer-premise devices (e.g., HAN, Smart Thermostats)

Combined data flow G&T and EMC’s Data input, validation and warehouse AMI/AMR Systems: RF PLC Drive-by Other inputs: Handhelds SCADA Manual data Weather data ??? CIS Systems: NISC SEDC Daffron Others Analytics: Revenue Protection System loss analysis Planning Cost of Service Operational Support for AMI: Business rules Service order interpretation Web Presentment: Meter data Customer and billing data Demographic or other data MDM System G&T: Data for M&V of load control Class level data from each EMC Demographic data for planning Other

The case for Meter Data Management (MDM)

Accurate and timely data Create and disseminate information Need for MDM Multiple data sources Accurate and timely data Secure data storage Create and disseminate information AMI Manual Readings SCADA OMS MWF Other Validating, Editing and Estimating (for hourly data) Standards and rules for service order creation Proactive assurance of data availability Audit trail Securely manages 1,000 times more data/meter than CIS or AMI systems can. Tags for weather, demographic and other operational characteristics Manage and access non-traditional meter data, e.g., PQ, volts, etc. Interface to billing systems Interface for Customer Service Reps Create TOU billing summaries Provide summary data Support operation & planning needs Platform for customer web presentment

MDM Vendors SIEMENS

Advanced Metering and Meter Data Management An “advanced meter” (a collection of which is known as an Advanced Meter Infrastructure, or AMI) is an electronic meter that can be read and controlled remotely. In the figure on the right, we show how an AMI network could be organized. The network is divided into three main domains that are connected via Field-Area-Network (FAN) and potentially Wide-Area-Network (WAN) links. The first domain houses the Meter Data Management Service (MDMS) and its associated applications, such as those for analyzing metering data. The second domain comprises the metered premises, which may have mesh network connections between themselves to extend the overall reach of the metering network. Each of these premises may also be equipped with a Home-Area Network (HAN) containing consumer devices that utilize meter data or services.  For example, Programmable Communicating Thermostats (PCTs) or Building Automation Systems (BASs) are commonly envisioned as being connected to the HAN and are labeled with the generic term “unified hub” in the figure. http://seclab.illinois.edu/ami-security

Home Area Networks & Automation Cleansed & Secure Data Billing details Granular profile information Other demographic data Could be supplied by EMC or 3rd party e.g., Google Meter “Public Internet” AMI CIS MDM Utility Systems Homeowner Systems, e..g., Wi-Fi Network Wide Area Network Customer Gateway, Generation, Displays or Appliances AMI Network Home Area Networks Meters Local Information Billing Determinants, e.g., TOU, kWh, etc Granular data, e.g., 1, 5, 15, 30 or 60 minute updates Status notifications Raw Data Billing, e.g., TOU, kWh, etc Granular, e.g., 15, 30 or 60 minute profiles

AMI Network Integration with Demand Response (DR) Significant imbalances between electricity supply and demand can destabilize the grid or cause severe voltage fluctuations and failures. Demand response, the reduction of electric demand from the grid, can relieve system stress and help prevent blackouts and brownouts. Demand response played an active role in managing energy events in various parts of the United States during the summer of 2006. Aggregating demand response efforts across a region has historically been a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. EnerNOC uses its Network Operations Center (NOC), in Boston, MA to remotely manage electricity consumption across a network of end-use customer sites and make energy available to grid operators and utilities on demand. Echelon's i.LON® Internet Server, when installed at commercial, institutional, and industrial customer sites, can enhance EnerNOC's technology by enabling a direct wireless connection from the NOC to building and energy management systems. https://www.echelon.com/company/news-room/2007/enernoc.htm

Utilities and Substations

National Rural Telecommunications Cooperative Our Mission To lead and support our members by Delivering telecommunications solutions to strengthen member businesses Promoting economic development Improving the quality of life in rural America Our Members Nearly 1,500 electric and telephone cooperatives, independent phone companies and affiliates Serving 80% of U.S. counties Our History Founded in 1986 by National Rural Electric Cooperative Association and National Rural Utilities Cooperative Finance Corporation Pioneered satellite television service for rural America Leading our members in implementing Advanced Metering Infrastructure and other “smart grid” technologies A Cooperative Not-for-profit Owned by our members NRTC helps bring telecommunications solutions to rural America.

NRTC Business Partners NRTC brings you leading brands for solutions to a smarter grid. PLC Advanced Metering Infrastructure Licensed Wireless Network Solutions Wireless Advanced Metering Infrastructure Wireless Equipment NRTC Licensed Spectrum AVL & Mobile Field Force Management GIS Advisory Services Land Mobile Radio Surge Protection Renewable Solar Energy Weather Decision Technologies Industrial Wireless Communications

NRTC Electric Regional Business Managers

Summary Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) are systems that measure, collect, and analyze energy usage, and communicate with metering devices such as electricity meters, gas meters, heat meters, and water meters, either on request or on a schedule. These systems include hardware, software, communications, consumer energy displays and controllers, customer associated systems, Meter Data Management (MDM) software, and supplier business systems.

References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_meter www.ferc.gov http://www.eei.org/ourissues/electricitydistribution/Pages/AdvancedMetering.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter_data_management

Vocabulary Checklist Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Meter Data Management (MDM) Meter Data Analytics (MDA) Smart Meter HAN – Home Area Network WAN – Wide Area Network ZigBee Protocol

NETL - Whitepaper What is AMI? What are the technology options for AMI? What are some deployment approaches? What are the benefits of AMI? What policies apply to AMI? What barriers impact successful deployment of AMI? What are the business case considerations? What are some experiences with AMI to date?