Spain Builds an Empire Ponce de Le ón – searching for the fountain of youth, claimed Florida Balboa – crossed the isthmus of Panama and claimed the Pacific for Spain Magellan – circumnavigated the globe.

Spanish conquistadors Cortés – Conquered the Aztecs, killed their emperor Montezuma. Pizarro – Conquered the Incas De Soto – explored Florida and died looking for gold he never found Coronado – claimed present day New Mexico and Arizona for Spain

Francisco Pizarro

Settling New Spain 3 settlements: pueblos, presidios, and missions 4 social classes: Peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, Indians Encomiendas: land grants to Spanish colonists which included the right to demand labor or taxes from the Indians

Harsh Life for Native Americans Indians forced to work in Spanish mines Most die so Spanish seek other labor sources Atlantic slave trade begins

Colonizing North America Search for the Northwest Passage

Rivalries Among European Nations The Protestant Reformation in 1500s divided Europe Europeans settling in the Americas brought their rivalries with them (Example: Sir Francis Drake)

Francis Drake made a habit out of raiding the Spanish treasure fleets. He brought gold and jewels home to England. When the Spanish complained to Queen Elizabeth, she knighted him “Sir Francis Drake”!

Sir Francis Drake Why do you think he wanted to be painted with his hand on a globe?

New France Settled along the St. Lawrence River Hunters and trappers (coureurs de bois – “runners of the woods”) Established friendly relations with the Indians Expanded down the Mississippi River Most largely free of government control

New Netherland Settled along the Hudson River around what is now New York Established a busy port. The Dutch and French became rivals in the fur trade. The Rivals established alliances with Native tribes, thus increasing warfare among the Indians, French, Dutch, and English.

New England Roanoke – mysterious ending 1585 – 100 settlers tried to settle but gave up in a year 1587 – John White, went back with women and children Went back to England for supplies 3 years later, came back to an empty settlement and the word CROATOAN carved on a tree

Jamestown The 1 st permanent English settlement 20 years after Roanoke Had a disastrous start Thanks to the Indians, they survived When colonists started growing tobacco, the colony got better. By 1620, England was importing more than 30,000 lbs of tobacco a year. mestown-standalone

You try and survive!

Representative Government Colony was run like a military outpost House of Burgesses House of Burgesses established where elected representatives would make laws By 1670, only free, white, male property owners could vote

Seeking Religious freedom Pilgrims wanted to practice their religion freely Escaped England to the Netherlands, but were concerned their children were becoming too “Dutch” September 1620, 100 men, women, and children set sail on the Mayflower

Signing the Mayflower Compact