1. Ch. 3 Exploration and Colonization

2. Exploration
Christopher Columbus’ voyages inspired Europeans. They saw the potential for settling and gaining riches from the newly discovered lands.

3. Exploration
Magellan circumnavigated the globe, sailing from the Atlantic Ocean, rounding the tip of South America and into the Pacific Ocean

4. Exploration
Magellan established the route to Asia that Columbus attempted to find
New information led to more accurate maps

5. Exploration
Spanish explorers in the borderlands were largely unsuccessful because they met strong Native American resistance

6. Colonization
Most European rulers supported established churches in the 1500s
European states persecuted people who did not follow the established religion

7. Colonization
Religious differences during the Protestant Reformation increased rivalries between nations
Rulers encouraged rivalries between settlers for goods and land

8. New Spain
Order of society, from most influential to least, was: 1. Peninsulares 2. Creoles 3. Mestizos 4. Native Americans

9. New Spain
Spanish conquistadors defeated the Aztecs primarily because a large number of Aztecs died from European diseases

10. New Spain
The Incas lost their empire to the Spanish due to infighting over control of their own government

11. New Spain
Three kinds of settlements were established: 1. Pueblos 2. Presidios: forts where soldiers lived 3. Missions

12. New Spain
Bartolome de las Casas attempted to help Native Americans by asking the King of Spain to enact laws prohibiting their enslavement

13. New Spain Plantation: large estate farmed by many workers
KEY TERMS
Plantation: large estate farmed by many workers
Encomienda: land grant from the Spanish government to settlers

14. English Settle America
The Mayflower Compact established laws for the general good
Native Americans helped the Pilgrims survive early hardships
Squanto taught colonists about native food

15. English Settle America
KEY TERMS
Charter: legal document giving certain rights to a person or company
Precedent: example for people to follow in the future

16. English Settle America
Jamestown faced many challenges, including disease and conflicts with Native Americans
Jamestown Colony needed additional laborers from England

17. English Settle America
Virginia’s population changed after 1619 when women and Africans arrived in greater numbers

18. English Settle America
Virginia’s House of Burgesses began a tradition of representative government in the English colonies

19. Columbian Exchange
Exchange of goods and ideas from Europe to the Americas and from the Americas to Europe
Examples: horses, tomatoes, pumpkins, peanuts, smallpox, how to grow and prepare native plants

20. Good Luck on Your Test!