1. TEST REVIEW STUDY SHEET
CHAPTER 2
SS8 ~ U.S. History
Ms. Radebaugh

2. Leif Erickson ~ Viking explorer / First European to arrive in North America
Amerigo Vespucci ~ Proved that North South America were not part of Asia
Magellan ~ First to circumnavigate the Earth

3. Pizzaro ~ Conquered the Incas / Captured Atahualpa
DeSoto ~ Explored the Mississippi for Spain
Coronado ~ Explored the Southwest U.S. looking for cities of gold

4. Christopher Columbus ~ Thought he was India
Balboa ~ Crossed the isthmus of Panama & claimed the Pacific Ocean for Spain
Cortes ~ Captured the Aztecs / Captured Montezuma

5. Fr. Marquette & Joliet ~ Explored the Great Lakes, Wisconsin, & the upper Mississippi for France
Cabot, Cartier, Hudson ~ Were looking for the Northwest Passage
Samuel de Champlain ~ Founded New France

6. New Netherlands ~ Located on the Hudson River
Aztecs ~ Lived in Central Mexico / Tenochtitlan was the center of their empire
Creole ~ Spanish born in America

7. Spanish Armada ~ Defeated by the English
Incas ~ Atahualpa was their emperor / Lived in the Andes Mountains
New France ~ French fur traders / Quebec

8. Peninsular ~ Born in Spain / Highest Spanish social class, ruling class
Mestizo ~ Half Indian half Spanish
Coureurs de bois ~ Runners of the woods

9. MERCANTILISM
European economic theory where it was believed the purpose of colonies was to benefit the home country. Colonies supplied raw materials & a market for finished products.

10. Columbian Exchange
A transfer of people, products & ideas between hemispheres as a result of exploration.

11. How the Reformation & the defeat of the Spanish Armada contributed to increased exploration:
King Henry VIII of England broke away from the Catholic Church & started the Church of England.
Protestants throughout Europe were looking for places to worship freely.
European nations were untrustworthy of each other and became involved in alliances & wars.
The English fleet defeating the Spanish Armada meant that Spain lost control of the oceans. This changed the balance of power in Europe & opened the seas & far-away lands to other countries for colonization

12. How the Spanish so easily defeated the Indians:
The Spanish had cannons, guns, armor, & horses
Many Natives thought they might be Gods
Many of the Natives were dying with Smallpox

13. Motives of the Spanish as they explored & conquered the lands of this hemisphere:
They were out for riches, glory, and to bring God (Christianity) to the Natives.

14. The impact the Dutch & French had on the Native Americans they had contact with:
They made trading alliances with the Natives – Dutch w/ Iroquois & French w/ Huron
Disease caused by contact with the Europeans killed many Native Americans
The over-trapping of animals weakened the food chain on which the Natives depended
As the fur-bearing animals disappeared, the Natives were no longer of value for trading. Instead, their lands became more valuable to the colonists.