1 Europe Goes to War _________ Japan Builds an Empire

2 Warm-up

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4 What terms are missing?

5 Section 1 Review Munich Conference (1938) Hitler promised that the Sudetenland was all that he wanted –6 months later: occupied western Czech. –1 month later: Italy invaded Albania

6 Invasion of Poland After invasion of Czech. France & G.B. abandoned policy of appeasement and prepared for war Warned Hitler if he went any further it would lead to war France & G.B. pledged support to appeasement Hitler didn’t believe them

7 Invasion of Poland 1914 – Germany wasn’t ready to fight a war on two fronts Soviet Union & Germany had always been enemies but, they recognized that they could benefit from combining their forces Signed a 10-Year Non-aggression Pact –Stalin didn’t believe that Hitler would pursue conquering Soviet Union

8 Non- Aggression Pact

9 Invasion of Poland Secret document divided Eastern Europe up into Soviet Union territories and German territories September 1: Hitler invaded Poland September 3: France & G.B. declared war on Germany

10 Invasion of Poland France/G.B./Poland: more soldiers & infantry division Germany: had superior firepower (panzer divisions, machine guns, etc.) –Blitzkrieg: Lightning war – concentrated air and land attack that took enemy by surprise –Imposed German law and imprisoned and murdered Jews –Fr. & G.B. watched unable to help Poland

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12 War in the West American press dubbed it the “phony war” Maginot Line –Along France’s border w/Germany –Provided housing for troops, rec. areas, etc. –Thick walls and heavy artillery stood ready to fight an invasion Problems: border faced Germany – Germany could go through Belgium; Heavy guns pointed east and couldn’t be moved

13 German Attacks April 9,1940: attacked Denmark & Norway May 10,1940: attacked Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg –G.B. & Fr. rushed to Belgium – too late –Have to retreat to Dunkirk braving German Luftwaffe (air force)

14 Fall of France June 10,1940: Fr. gov’t. abandoned Paris June 10,1940: Italy declared war on Fr. & G.B. June 14,1940: Germany invaded Paris June 22,1940: Fr. officially surrendered –Free France: Gov’t. in exile in London; led by Charles de Gaulle –Vichy France: German controlled French gov’t.

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17 Battle of Britain To neutralize the British navy, Hitler used his Luftwaffe to destroy Britain’s air defense August – September,1940: 1,000 planes rained bombs on Britain –Attacked everything air bases, cities, etc. –RAF – Royal Air Force

18 Japan Build an Empire Japan forced out of isolationism b/c of westernization WWI Japan joined allies – conquered German possessions and gained markets Created 2-party system Helped found the League of Nations Signed Kellogg-Briand Pact – condemned war and pledged to handle disagreements peacefully

19 Democracy in Crisis 1920’s recession – depended on foreign markets High tariffs on Japanese products resulted in industrial decline, massive layoffs, strikes, and widespread political unrest Blamed multi-party system and rich business owners

20 Rise of Nationalism Military unrest b/c gov’t. accepted limits on the size of the military Radical Nationalists demanded a return to traditional ways –End to powerful businesses and Western-style institutions

21 Manchurian Incident Japan lacked raw materials Manchuria had huge raw material source (coal & ore) September,1931: Japanese occupied Manchuria Manchurian Incident: Manchurian gov’t. failed to respond –Puppet State: independent state under control by a powerful neighbor

22 Manchurian Incident

23 Manchurian Incident U.S. and G.B. protested but, took no action to stop Japan Violated Kellogg-Briand Pact and United Nations

24 War Against China Occupied Beijing and Tianjin; threatened Northern China Chinese Nationalist army, led by Jiang Jieshi, resisted invasion Japan’s advantage: superior weapons and warplanes

25 Rape of Nanjing Japanese soldiers brutalized or killed at least 100,000 people President Roosevelt spoke out against international aggression Soviet Union aided China w/arms, warplanes and military