Collaboration Among Local Governments: Service Delivery and Energy Policy Richard C. Feiock Askew School of Public Administration and Policy Florida State University

Three Projects That Overlap with the Collins Institute Study Survey of Local Government Service Delivery Arrangements in Florida Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations Energy Sustainable Florida Communities Study FSU Institute for Energy Systems Sustainability Local Government Energy Innovation and Collaboration in Response to ARRA National Science Foundation

LCIR Survey of Local Government Service Arrangements in Florida Conducted by LCIR in Summer of 2009 Assisted by Collins Institute and FLC Provision responsibility and Production Arrangements for 25 services » Responses from 101 municipal governments » Responses from 20 Counties » Lots of incomplete responses Service Categories correspond to the AFR expenditure categories

What entity or entities produce each service? (check all that apply) This City The County Other City Special District RPCMPOState Private for Profit Not for Profit N Comp Planning 86.0% (80) 15.1% (14) 1.1% (1) 3.2% (3) 5.4% (5) 3.2% (3) 2.2% (2) 6.5% (6) 0.0% (0) 93 Law Enforcement 76.0% (73) 35.4% (34) 4.2% (4) 0.0% (0) 2.1% (2) 0.0% (0) 96 Fire Control 77.1% (74) 26.0% (25) 10.4% (10) 2.1% (2) 0.0% (0) 96 Protective Inspections 69.3% (61) 34.1% (30) 6.8% (6) 0.0% (0) 2.3% (2) 0.0% (0) 88 Ambulance/Rescue 34.0% (32) 62.8% (59) 6.4% (6) 2.1% (2) 0.0% (0) 9.6% (9) 1.1% (1) 94 Electric 7.7% (7) 2.2% (2) 0.0% (0) 1.1% (1) 0.0% (0) 86.8% (79) 3.3% (3) 91 Gas 18.4% (16) 2.3% (2) 0.0% (0) 1.1% (1) 0.0% (0) 75.9% (66) 2.3% (2) 87 Water 72.0% (67) 16.1% (15) 11.8% (11) 4.3% (4) 0.0% (0) 1.1% (1) 6.5% (6) 0.0% (0) 93

This City The County Other City Special District RPCMPOState Private for Profit Not for Profit N Solid Waste 52.2% (48) 6.5% (6) 1.1% (1) 0.0% (0) 1.1% (1) 48.9% (45) 1.1% (1) 92 Sewer 80.5% (66) 13.4% (11) 7.3% (6) 3.7% (3) 1.2% (1) 0.0% (0) 1.2% (1) 3.7% (3) 1.2% (1) 82 Water/Sewer Combination 80.9% (55) 10.3% (7) 7.4% (5) 0.0% (0) 1.5% (1) 0.0% (0) 1.5% (1) 4.4% (3) 0.0% (0) 68 Flood Control 77.0% (57) 17.6% (13) 1.4% (1) 12.2% (9) 0.0% (0) 8.1% (6) 1.4% (1) 0.0% (0) 74 Road/Street Facilities 91.5% (86) 25.5% (24) 1.1% (1) 0.0% (0) 1.1% (1) 3.2% (3) 13.8% (13) 2.1% (2) 0.0% (0) 94 Airports 12.8% (10) 56.4% (44) 16.7% (13) 5.1% (4) 0.0% (0) 1.3% (1) 11.5% (9) 0.0% (0) 78 Transit Systems 8.5% (6) 77.5% (55) 2.8% (2) 8.5% (6) 0.0% (0) 1.4% (1) 2.8% (2) 9.9% (7) 4.2% (3) 71 Parking/Other Transport 52.7% (29) 45.5% (25) 1.8% (1) 3.6% (2) 1.8% (1) 0.0% (0) 3.6% (2) 5.5% (3) 55 Employment Opportunity/Dev. 49.3% (34) 50.7% (35) 1.4% (1) 2.9% (2) 0.0% (0) 13.0% (9) 2.9% (2) 10.1 % (7) 69

This City The County Other City Special District RPCMPOState Private for Profit Not for Profit N Downtown/Indust. Dev./Improv. 79.7% (51) 25.0% (16) 1.6% (1) 3.1% (2) 0.0% (0) 3.1% (2) 0.0% (0) 6.3% (4) 64 Housing/Urban Development 40.0% (26) 58.5% (38) 1.5% (1) 3.1% (2) 0.0% (0) 9.2% (6) 3.1% (2) 6.2% (4) 65 Health 8.2% (6) 72.6% (53) 2.7% (2) 0.0% (0) 15.1% (11) 12.3 % (9) 73 Mental Health 1.5% (1) 64.7% (44) 1.5% (1) 4.4% (3) 0.0% (0) 1.5% (1) 20.6% (14) 16.2% (11) 17.6 % (12) 68 Welfare 4.2% (3) 57.7% (41) 2.8% (2) 0.0% (0) 36.6% (26) 5.6% (4) 11.3% (8) 71 Libraries 35.2% (31) 65.9% (58) 4.5% (4) 2.3% (2) 0.0% (0) 3.4% (3) 88 Parks/Recreation 95.5% (85) 21.3% (19) 2.2% (2) 3.4% (3) 0.0% (0) 3.4% (3) 1.1% (1) 2.2% (2)

Energy Sustainable Florida Communities - IESES Measure Local Sustainability Dimensions of sustainability Incorporate energy sustainability Construct an index of sustainability Implementation of Florida Energy Act of 2007 Voluntary responses Mandates Policy Innovation in Sustainable Energy

Energy Sustainable Florida Communities MEASURING ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY A index of energy sustainability that measures local government activity in the following dimensions: Energy & Climate Policy Comprehensive Plans & State and Federal Policy Zoning Regulations Subdivision Regulations and Permitting Land Use and Open Space Housing and Green Building Transportation Economic Development Energy Cost Reduction by Government Organization and Intergovernmental Relations Investing in Energy & Climate Change Competencies RESEARCH QUESTIONS Energy Implementation by Local Government What explains variation among local governments’ implementation of the Florida Energy Bill? What role do local governments play in fostering energy efficiency, conservation and renewable energy? Adoption and Diffusion of Energy Policy Innovation How do community economic and environmental conditions influence innovation? To what extent do local governments collaborate on energy and climate protection? How do neighboring government Initiatives influence innovation? RESEARCH APPROACH Multi-Level Analysis Energy Sustainable Florida Communities Survey A survey of local government planners and chief executive officers in Florida counties and in all cities with population >5,000 PROGRESS TO DATE Literature Review Essay Survey Instrument Pretesting and Review for Validity & Reliability Focus Group of Local planners External Reviews by Academics and Professionals Conference Presentations NSF Proposals for National Level Project funded: Role of local governments in energy tech transfer pending: Network Analysis of energy policy diffusion LOCAL GOVENMENTS & ENERGY SUSTAINABILTY

Energy Policy, Collaboration and Economic Development - NSF Can Local Governments Create Economic Development through Energy Innovation? How is ARRA Influencing Local Government Partnership, Collaboration and Innovation in Energy and Conservation? » Smart grids, renewable energy, energy conservation. etc. What is the Role of Local Governments in the “New Energy Economy”?

National Study Focus Participation in ARRA Energy Programs Energy and Climate Policy Innovations Links between Energy and Climate Policy and Local Economic Development Technology Transfer Intergovernmental and Inter-organizational Collaborations

Stage 1: National Survey 128 Metropolitan Areas w/pop <350,000 All counties and cities w/pop <25,000 (950) Baseline Data Local capacity Degree of inter-organiziational information sharing Existing and new partnerships and collaborations Adoption of Innovation

Stage 2: Map and Analyze Collaboration Networks in Energy Policy Three Metropolitan Areas Jacksonville Miami Tampa Network Linkages Communication (advise and information) Affiliations Agreements What network structure is most useful for solving various types of problems Information Issues Commitment Issues

Descriptive Analysis

Links To Collins Institute Work LCIR Survey - follow-ups Targeted follow-ups with a shortened survey Link provision and production arrangements to the expenditure data IESES Sustainable Florida Link sustainability and fiscal capacity Link energy/climate policy to environmental, growth management and economic development policies NSF Survey Pre-Test Florida local governments not in the national sample will be used to pretest the instrument Create a FL data base Link to economic development » “green” incentives on growth of clean energy sector

Future Work Links between Energy Innovation, Networks and Economic Development Development & Environmental Tradeoffs w/Portney Network Multiplexity Energy Land Use Economic Development