North America in 1750

France versus England The French and the English were long- time enemies of each other, e.g., “The One Hundred Years War” Neither liked being colonial neighbors in North America. They distrusted each other and each wanted full control of the area.

DO NOW: Answer Q #1

Ben Franklin  representatives from all colonies except GA/DE A At the onset of war, Colonial leaders met in Albany, NY to find a way to defend themselves against the French A Leaders adopted the Plan of Union calling for “one general government” A Plan was not approved 1754  Albany Plan of Union 1 st political cartoon in America

A Britain and France were fighting over the Ohio River Valley region A Land between Appalachian Mtns and Mississippi River A Washington sent to ask French to leave A Stayed at makeshift Fort Necessity since Fort Duquesne was already taken A French Advantages: A Indian allies, wore brown, guerilla warfare tactics A British Advantages: A Larger number (between British soldiers and colonists), stronger navy War Erupts--1754

BritishFrench Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne * George Washington * Delaware/Shawnee Indians 1754  The First Clash The French had laid their claim by building Fort Duquesne in what today is known as Pittsburgh The French had laid their claim by building Fort Duquesne in what today is known as Pittsburgh News of this fort alarmed the governor of Virginia News of this fort alarmed the governor of Virginia He ordered a militia, led by George Washington, to drive the French out of the territory He ordered a militia, led by George Washington, to drive the French out of the territory Washington and his men arrived and open- fired (first shots of French/Indian War). Some of the Natives even scalped several Frenchmen…now peace was impossible! Washington and his men arrived and open- fired (first shots of French/Indian War). Some of the Natives even scalped several Frenchmen…now peace was impossible!

A It was always British custom to name wars after sitting British Kings, but there had already been a King George’s War 10 years earlier, so they named the war after their Opponents. The War Itself

A He understood colonial concerns. A He offered them a compromise: - Colonial loyalty & military cooperation-->Britain would reimburse colonial assemblies for their costs. - Colonial loyalty & military cooperation-->Britain would reimburse colonial assemblies for their costs. RESULTS?  Colonial morale increased by  William Pitt Becomes Foreign Minister

Basically, England received almost all French land in North America, thus increasing her colonial empire! 1763  Treaty of Paris

North America in 1763

1. It increased her colonial empire in the Americas. 2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt. 3. Britain’s contempt for the colonists created bitter feelings. Therefore, England felt that a major reorganization of her American Empire was necessary! Effects of the War on Britain

1. It united them against a common enemy for the first time. 2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated. 3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify. Effects of the War on the American Colonists

A Colonists, expecting to receive more land after they helped the British during the war, began to move westward A 1763—Pontiac’s Rebellion A Native America tribes attacked colonists/British troops when they tried to move in A In addition, they were angry at British “gifts” of small-pox infected blankets The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Frontier

Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)

British  Proclamation Line of BACKLASH!BACKLASH! A Britain forbade any westward movement west of the Appalachian Mountains A To avoid any further conflict with Indians A To control colonial movement A Prevented colonists from moving away from the coast

Rethinking Their Empire A Next problem: How to pay off the war debt? A People in Britain were already paying taxes on everything from windows to salt A In contrast, Americans were probably the most lightly taxed people in the British Empire A It was time, said Prime Minister Grenville, for them to pay their fair share of the cost of protecting them

Britain’s Debt = More taxes for the colonists Britain’s Debt = More taxes for the colonists

New laws stun colonists To gain additional money through trade  –Crackdown on smuggling – new laws promise to inspect for goods shipped from other countries and send perpetrators of “smuggling” to jail To gain additional money through taxes  –New taxes are placed on Americans directly by the British parliament starting in 1764 To prevent costly war with American Indians and keep America from growing larger (and thus harder to control)  –The Proclamation of 1763 prevents colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains onto “Indian Territory”

Colonists Get Angry A Colonists began to sense tyranny A They were willing to pay taxes passed by their own assemblies, where their representatives could vote on them A But colonists had no representatives in Parliament A For this reason, they argued that Parliament had no right to tax them A “NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION”

This cartoon was originally used during the French and Indian War to convince Americans to pull together and fight against the French. But suddenly, this cartoon had new meaning…