By: Coach Dzialo Jacobs High School (Go EAGLES!) Ancient Greece: The High Water Mark of Western Civilization?

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By: Coach Dzialo Jacobs High School (Go EAGLES!) Ancient Greece: The High Water Mark of Western Civilization?

The Geography of Greece

Influences on the Greeks MesopotamiansEgyptiansMesopotamiansEgyptians (ex. Phoenicians-alphabet) (ex. Phoenicians-alphabet) » Greeks »Aegean CulturesPersians »Minoans »Myceneans »Trojans

Bronze Age Greece

Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos)

MINOANS -Began on Island of Crete-Began on Island of Crete Elaborate palace at KnossosElaborate palace at Knossos Highly refined societyHighly refined society Thrived on trade (Med. Control)Thrived on trade (Med. Control) Women were well treatedWomen were well treated Enjoyed leisureEnjoyed leisure boxing boxing bull-leaping bull-leaping

Knossos: Minoan Civilization

Minoan Civilization

The Mycenaean Civilization

MYCENEAEN SIGNIFICANCE INVADERS FROM CASPIAN SEA REGIONINVADERS FROM CASPIAN SEA REGION WARLIKE!WARLIKE! THE MYCE. INVASION FORCED EVERYONE TO SPEAK THE SAME LANGUAGE……CRUCIAL FOR GREEK DEVELOPMENT AND ACHIEVEMENTTHE MYCE. INVASION FORCED EVERYONE TO SPEAK THE SAME LANGUAGE……CRUCIAL FOR GREEK DEVELOPMENT AND ACHIEVEMENT FOUGHT THE TROJANSFOUGHT THE TROJANS

TROJANS GeographicGeographic Rival TrojanTrojan War IliadIliad and The Odyssey Epic-Epic- long story of overcoming adversity with courage (moral guideposts) RhapsodeRhapsode – trained reciter

Homer: The “ Heroic Age ”

The Mask of Agamemnon

ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

Piraeus: Athens ’ Port City

Early Athenian Lawgivers  Draco § “ draconian ”  Solon  Cleisthenes § created the first democracy 

Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

Persian Wars: Famous Battles  Marathon (490 BCE) § 26 miles from Athens  Thermopylae (480 BCE) § 300 Spartans at theMountain pass  Salamis (480 BCE) § Athenian navy victorious

Golden “ Age of Pericles ” : 460 BCE – 429 BCE

ATHENS Athenian male sought leisureAthenian male sought leisure BoxingBoxing Sporting events/OlympicsSporting events/Olympics Banquet/ intellectual discussionBanquet/ intellectual discussion Freedom of speechFreedom of speech Compulsory public serviceCompulsory public service Appreciation of beautyAppreciation of beauty

Great Athenian Philosophers  Socrates § Know thyself! § question everything § only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness.  Plato § The Academy § The Republic  philosopher-king

Great Athenian Philosophers  Aristotle § The Lyceum § “ Golden Mean ” [ everything in moderation ]. § Logic. § Scientific method.

Athens: The Arts & Sciences  DRAMA (tragedians): § Aeschylus § Sophocles § Euripides  THE SCIENCES: § Pythagoras § Democritus  all matter made up of small atoms. § Hippocrates  “ Father of Medicine ”

Phidias ’ Acropolis

The Acropolis Today

The Parthenon

The Agora

The Classical Greek “ Ideal ”

The Ancient Olympics: Athletes & Trainers

Olympia: Temple to Hera

The 2004 Olympics

SPARTA

Helots  Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.

SPARTA Descendants of the war-like DoriansDescendants of the war-like Dorians Victims of their own historyVictims of their own history 10:110:1 Unwilling to dilute their citizenshipUnwilling to dilute their citizenship Cultivate physical excellenceCultivate physical excellence All males at age 7– militaryAll males at age 7– military

PELOPONNESIAN WAR ATHENS VS. SPARTAATHENS VS. SPARTA Conflict attributed to “Greed and Ambition”Conflict attributed to “Greed and Ambition” »(Thucydides) »60 years earlier the Greek city-states united to defeat a common enemy the Persians »Too much Pride is a bad thing!

Peloponnesian Wars

SPARTAN MILITARY ALL MALESALL MALES Training starts at age 7Training starts at age 7 Infants?Infants? Flogging dayFlogging day No family lifeNo family life Women- role was to become healthy Spartan baby makers.Women- role was to become healthy Spartan baby makers.

Macedonia Under Philip II

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great ’ s Empire

Alexander the Great in Persia

The Hellenization of Asia

Pergamum: A Hellenistic City

The Economy of the Hellenistic World

Hellenistic Philosophers  Epicurians  Epicurus § avoid pain & seek pleasure. § all excess leads to pain! § politics should be avoided.

Hellenistic Philosophers  Stoics  Zeno § get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but to perform virtuous acts for the good of all.

Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences  Scientists / Mathematicians: § Aristarchus  heliocentric theory. § Euclid  geometry § Archimedes  pulley  Hellenistic Art: § More realistic § Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!

The Breakup of Alexander ’ s Empire

The End!