1. Greek Civilization 2100 BC to 150 BC 1. Early Greece
2. The Classical Age
3. Greek Achievements
4. Alexander the Great
The small, rugged peninsula in southern Europe – Greece – home of early advanced civilizations
From the Minoans and the Mycenaeans to Sparta and Athens to the empire of Alexander the Great, the Greeks left a legacy that helped shape Western Civilization

2. 1. Early Greece:
1650 BCE BCE
Centered around trade

3. The Geography of Greece
2100 – 150 BC
The Geography of Greece
Ancient Greece is located in southern Europe.
It is located on the Mediterranean and Aegean seas.
The land is mountainous and the civilization does not grow around a river.

4. Early Greeks: Mycenaeans & Minoans

5. Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos)
2100 – 150 BC
Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos)
The Minoans were the earliest people in the Region.
They were traders but their civilization disappeared around 1400 BC.

6. 2100 – 150 BC
Minoan Civilization
Excavations done at Knossos reveal clues about their life:
Private rooms
Basic Plumbing
Artwork- tied to the sea

7. Minoan Civilization Most Minoan images of priests are women
2100 – 150 BC
Minoan Civilization
Language-Linear A- cant decipher
Most Minoan images of priests are women

8. The Mycenaean Civilization
2100 – 150 BC
The Mycenaean Civilization
The Mycenaeans arose next and were most famous for the Trojan War.
They declined around 1200 BC.

9. The Trojan Wars Fought between Troy (Turkey) and Mycenae (Greece)
2100 – 150 BC
The Trojan Wars
Fought between Troy (Turkey) and Mycenae (Greece)
The Trojan Horse-not sure if the battle took place

10. Homer: The “Heroic Age”
The Odyssey – the account of Greek hero – Odysseus in the Trojan War
The Ilaid is the second account

12. King of Mycenae who was murdered by his wife’s mistress
2100 – 150 BC
The Mask of Agamemnon
King of Mycenae who was murdered by his wife’s mistress

13. The Dark Ages
BCE
After the Trojan War the Mycenaean civilization collapsed due to civil war and/or invasions from the north
Writing was lost so little is known about the period

14. 2100 – 150 BC
2. Classical
Greece:
700 BCE BCE

15. The Rise of Greek City States
2100 – 150 BC
The Rise of Greek City States
The region declined for hundreds of years after the Mycenaeans.
Around 750 BC, the Greek City state, or polis, started to develop.
Cities were built on two levels, with an acropolis (citadel) on the top level.

16. The Rest of the City States
2100 – 150 BC
The Rest of the City States
Below the Acropolis was the walled part of the city where everyday life took place.
There were marketplaces, theaters, public buildings, and homes.
The market was called the agora. It was usually in the center of the city.

17. 2100 – 150 BC
Athens

18. Governing the City State
2100 – 150 BC
Governing the City State
At first, city states were ruled by one person, usually a king. This is called a monarchy. They were often called tyrants.
Next, it was ruled by a small group of nobles. This is called an oligarchy.
New forms of government – democracy would soon develop, especially in Athens.

19. Sparta Sparta was a city state that developed into a warrior society.
2100 – 150 BC
Sparta
Sparta was a city state that developed into a warrior society.
Men spend their lives dedicated to warfare and training.
Some women took up household and economic responsibilities because the men were occupied with war.

20. Helots  People enslaved by the Spartans.
Sparta Military Might
2100 – 150 BC
Helots  People enslaved by the Spartans.

21. Athens: Yesterday and Today
2100 – 150 BC
Athens: Yesterday and Today
Athens was a city state that developed into a democracy.
A democracy is a place where people vote.
Only male citizens could vote.
Athens also focused on arts and learning.

24. Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE Fought between Greece and Persia –
Cause of Conflict region called Ionia

25. Greeks heavily outnumbered.
The Spartans were led by Leonidas, the King of Sparta. His troops were the ultimate warriors.
Persians
Greeks
200,000
Infantry
7300
(300 Spartans)
1200
Navy
200
20,000
Cavalry

26. Thermopylae

27. The Battle at Thermopylae
August of 480 BC
The Greeks were waiting for the Persians at Thermopylae.
(If the Persians wanted to get into mainland Greece they would have to take this pass.)
Xerxes sat on a golden throne atop the pass to watch the battle.
For the first two days the 7300 Greek soldiers were able to hold off the Persians, slaughtering the Persians. (Even Xerxes’ elite “Immortals”)

28. A Traitor Among the Greeks
A Greek soldier betrayed the Greeks and showed Xerxes a path that would lead the Persian troops behind the Greeks.
Leonidas sends the Athenians home knowing they are going to lose.
This way the Athenians could defend the city.
The Persians slaughtered the remaining Spartans, all were killed.

29. “The last stand…..

30. Statue of Leonidas in Sparta today.

31. Greek Victory in the Persian Wars
Salamis (480 BCE)
Athenian naval Victory

32. Persian Wars

33. Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE
The most influential politician in Athens for many years following the Persian Wars
Responsible for building the Parthenon & beautifying Athens

34. Peloponnesian Wars Defeats Athens Significance of the Wars—
2100 – 150 BC
Peloponnesian Wars
Athens –Delian League
Sparta-Pelponnesian League
Tension between the two leagues;
Sparta and Athens fight until Sparta
Defeats Athens
Significance of the Wars—
Weakened the Greeks which made them vulnerable to invasion and
Conquest.

35. Macedonia Under Philip II
2100 – 150 BC
Macedonia Under Philip II
Took over Greece along with his son, Alexander the Great

36. 2100 – 150 BC
Hellenistic"
Greece:
324 BCE BCE

37. Took over, at age 20, after his father was assassinated
2100 – 150 BC
Alexander the Great
Took over, at age 20, after his father was assassinated

38. Alexander the Great’s Empire
2100 – 150 BC
Alexander the Great’s Empire

39. Alexander the Great in Persia
2100 – 150 BC
Alexander the Great in Persia
Within a year, Alexander conquered Persia

40. 2100 – 150 BC
Phalanx tactic

41. The Hellenization of Asia
2100 – 150 BC
The Hellenization of Asia
Greek-Like Culture mixed with others throughout Asia
Although Alexander the Great did conquer the Greeks, he actually helped to spread Greek civilization all over Asia

42. The Economy of the Hellenistic World
2100 – 150 BC
The Economy of the Hellenistic World

43. The Breakup of Alexanders Empire
2100 – 150 BC
The Breakup of Alexanders Empire
Alexander died in Babylon in 323 BC at age 33