1. The Geography of Greece

2. Geography- 3 major geographic features that influenced Greek Civilization
Mountains
How do you think Mountains affected the development of Greece?
Politically?
Socially?
Economically?
Pindus Mountains covered ¾ of Greece.
A1. Significantly influenced Greek political life
A2. Divided the land into many different regions.
A3. Mountains made it difficult to trade and unite the area.

3. B. Climate- Mild Climate, b/w 50 & 80 degrees C
B. Climate- Mild Climate, b/w 50 & 80 degrees C. Bodies of Water- Sea shaped Greek life (similar to rivers in other civilizations) Aegean Sea, Mediterranean Sea & Ionian Sea C1. Peninsula with 2,000 miles of coastline.
C2. Offshore islands provided stepping stones to other areas
C3. Greeks became skilled sailors, Sea travel important to trade.

4. Archaic
Greece:
1650 BCE BCE

5. The
Minoans
BCE

6. The Minoan World: mid-2M B.C.E.

7. Knossos: Minoan Civilization

8. Minoan Crete
a. Palace culture b.c.e.
- King Minos
- Knossos

9. Artist’s Recreation of Knossos

10. Palace of King Minos – North Entrance

11. Palace of King Minos - Interiors

12. Palace of King Minos – Throne Room

13. Bull Cult

14. b. Merchant culture - Extensive trade throughout the Mediterranean - wine, olive oil, wool for grain, textiles & manufactured goods.

15. Minoan Trade
Coast of Crete
“Bireme” ship

16. c. Writing system
- Linear A- written symbols represented syllables.

17. Early Writing System: “Linear A” (Undecipherable)
Canon?

19. Decline
Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tidal waves most destructive eruption b.c.e rebuilt luxurious palaces - indoor plumbing -drainage system - some had a flushing toilet!

20. The Mycenaeans (Achaeans)
BCE

21. The Mycenaean World: mid-2M B.C.E.

23. The Mycenaean Civilization

24. Became most powerful people in the region
II. Mycenaeans
Indo- European, settled in Southern Greece.
1200 b.c.e. attacked the city of Troy, fought the Trojan War for ten years.
Became most powerful people in the region
C1. Attacked the city because The Trojan price had kidnapped Helen, the wife of a Greek King.

25. The Trojan War
Mid 12 Century b.c.e.

26. Homer, the Blind Poet

27. Homer’s Great Epics

28. E. Iliad heroes were Greek warrior Achilles and Hector of Troy.
D. Homer
D1. Iliad and the Odyssey
- 10 year Trojan war
E. Iliad heroes were Greek warrior Achilles and Hector of Troy.
E1. Story shows Greek heroic ideal of virtue and excellence.
F. Odyssey- adventure s of Odysseus, the defeat of the Trojans and the journey home.
G. Mycenaean civilization collapsed after the war with Troy.
Stories of this written in an epic by a blind poet named

29. Helen of Troy, the face that launched 1000 ships

30. Plan of the City of Troy

32. The Mask of Agamemnon

33. Mycenae Citadel & Reconstruction

34. Lion’s Gate Entrance to Mycenae

35. Mycenaean Writing System: “Linear B”
Earliest form of Ancient Greek dialect

36. III. Dorian 1200 b.c.e
Dorians moved into the area of Greece and settled
Had no writing system
all records disappeared
trade stopped,
The economy collapsed.
B1. Greece entered a Dark Age- lasted for 450 years
They did not paint pictures or their life or create art, but they did pass on oral history

37. "Hellenic"
(Classical)
Greece:
700 BCE BCE

38. The Rise of the Greek Polis
Eboea
Syracuse
Athens
Larissa
Naxos
Corinth

39. III. Development of the Greek polis
Small, independent city-states
Geographical constraints on centralization
Colonization
Cultural unity:
-common language, religion, festivals

40. IV. 2 Main City-States
A Sparta- located in the Southern part of Greece.
A1. Dedicated to build a strong city-state, everything was done for the military
A2. Military training began at an early age
A3. Spartans valued strength duty, and discipline over individuality and beauty.
Age 7- boys left home to train as soldiers
Age 20- became full soldiers Could marry, but must live in military barracks
Age 30- became full citizens and could live in own homes.
Continued to serve in military until age 60

41. ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

42. B1. Athens- Located on the Southeastern tip of Peloponnesus Peninsula B1. Created the worlds 1st democracy- direct democracy. B2. Citizenship requirements: 1. Male 2. Born in Athens 3. Must own property B3. Important people of Athens; Draco- wrote 1st written code of laws Harsh penalties for people of Athens Solon- Ruler that made laws less harsh, allowed people to vote

43. B4. Democracy was not a complete success 1. Restricted citizenship 2
B4. Democracy was not a complete success 1. Restricted citizenship 2. Slavery - 1/3 Athenian population 3. Restricted freedom of speech 4. Must go to Athens to vote 5. Practiced called Ostracism - Once a year Athenian citizens voted to banish people from the city-state.

44. Piraeus: Athens’ Port City

45. Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

46. Persian Wars: Famous Battles
Marathon (490 BCE)
26 miles from Athens
Thermopylae (480 BCE)
300 Spartans at the Mountain pass
Salamis (480 BCE)
Athenian navy victorious

47. Delian League- alliance between the poleis to discourage further Persian actions in Greece.
Athens is the leader of the league
Other poleis resented giving money to Athenians.

48. Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE

49. Great Athenian Philosophers
Socrates
Know thyself!
question everything
only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness.
Plato
The Academy
The world of the FORMS
The Republic  philosopher-king

50. Great Athenian Philosophers
Aristotle
The Lyceum
“Golden Mean” [everything in moderation].
Logic.
Scientific method.

51. Peloponnesian War: Sparta v. Athens
( b.c.e)
2 most powerful city-states in Greece
Other poleis chose sides
Conflict went back and forth

52. SPARTA
Helots  Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.

53. SPARTA

54. Peloponnesian Wars

55. Athens: The Arts & Sciences
DRAMA (tragedians):
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Euripides
THE SCIENCES:
Pythagoras
Democritus  all matter made up of small atoms.
Hippocrates  “Father of Medicine”

56. Phidias’ Acropolis

57. The Acropolis Today

58. The Parthenon

59. The Agora

60. The Classical Greek “Ideal”

61. Olympia

62. The Ancient Olympics: Athletes & Trainers

63. Olympia: Temple to Hera

64. The 2004 Olympics

65. Macedonia Under Philip II

66. "Hellenistic"
Greece:
324 BCE BCE

67. Alexander the Great

68. Alexander the Great’s Empire

69. Alexander the Great in Persia

70. The Hellenization of Asia

71. Pergamum: A Hellenistic City

72. The Economy of the Hellenistic World

73. Hellenistic Philosophers
Cynics  Diogenes
ignore social conventions & avoid luxuries.
citizens of the world.
live a humble, simple life.
Epicurians  Epicurus
avoid pain & seek pleasure.
all excess leads to pain!
politics should be avoided.

74. Hellenistic Philosophers
Stoics  Zeno
nature is the expansion of divine will.
concept of natural law.
get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but to perform virtuous acts for the good of all.
true happiness is found in great achievements.

75. Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences
Scientists / Mathematicians:
Aristarchus  heliocentric theory.
Euclid  geometry
Archimedes  pulley
Hellenistic Art:
More realistic; less ideal than Hellenic art.
Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!

76. The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire