Module 11A Theory on confidence and creativity Theory on No Judgement Estimated time: 45 min

Write reflection notes all day Empty your mind of thoughts all the day One reflection for each paper

Confidence

Avoid putting participants “on stage” An increase in arousal makes: - Human behavior more stereotypical - Human written language more stereotypical Hull C. I. (1943). Principles of behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts Meisels M. (1967). Test anxiety, stress, and verbal behavior. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 31, 577–582

Avoid group work in the vulnerable initial phases People are less creative when simply being watched The bare presence of other people increases arousal (and thus diminish creativity) Zajonc, R. (1965). Social facilitation. Science, 149, 269–274 Amabile, T. M., Goldfarb, P., & Brackfield, S. (1990). Social influences on creativity: Evaluation, coaction, and surveillance. Creativity Research Journal, 3, 6–21

Individual work before group work Arousal might explain part of why brainstorming techniques seem to decrease creativity Individual idea development should be followed by a brainstorming - not the other way around Lindgren, H. C., & Lindgren, F. (1965). Brainstorming and orneriness as facilitators of creativity. Psychological Reports, 16, 577–583 Finke, R. A., Ward, T. B. & Smith, S. M. (1992). Creative cognition: theory, research and applications, Cambrigde, MA, MIT Press

Set participants free from their own discipline High intrinsic motivation, combined with low extrinsic motivation, helps individuals to be more independent of their field because they are less susceptible to pressures to conform Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). The domain of creativity. In M. A. Runco & R. S. Albert (Eds.), Theories of creativity (pp ). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Postpone external evaluation until the very last deadline Self-evaluation is preferable to evaluation by others Don’t make evaluations along the way Rogers, C. (1954). Towards a theory of creativity. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, 11, 249–260

Human fear - Of making mistakes - Of being foolish - Of loosing control - Of making wrong decisions - That it won’t work Byrge, C. & Hansen, S. (2009). The creative platform: A new paradigm for teaching creativity, Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 18, 33-50

No experienced Judgement

3D CASE: Yes, we made a mistake 1. Find together with someone who has the same height as yourself 2. Stretck your arms above your head and say “Yes, we made a mistake” (Make them say it 3-4 times) 3. You now play stone, scissor and paper, they are replaced by a stork (Hands clapping like a big mouth), frog (knee and make a small jump while saying “quak”) and a pregnant woman (lean backwards while you groan loudly). Make them practice each of them a couple of times in parallel 4. When you are not the same, you shout together “Yes, we made a mistake” 5. Demonstrate

Please sit down

No-experienced Judgement - Of ideas - Of the process Byrge, C. (2010). Conceptualisation of creativity practices through action research: The case of the creative platform at aalborg university, PhD thesis, Aalborg University

No-experienced Judgement Between participants Between participants and facilitator Byrge, C. (2010). Conceptualisation of creativity practices through action research: The case of the creative platform at aalborg university, PhD thesis, Aalborg University

No-experienced Judgement - Of discipline - Of culture - Of social structure Byrge, C. (2010). Conceptualisation of creativity practices through action research: The case of the creative platform at aalborg university, PhD thesis, Aalborg University

No-experienced Judgement No- judgement vs. No-experienced judgement Byrge, C. (2010). Conceptualisation of creativity practices through action research: The case of the creative platform at aalborg university, PhD thesis, Aalborg University

No-experienced Judgement Byrge, C. (2010). Conceptualisation of creativity practices through action research: The case of the creative platform at aalborg university, PhD thesis, Aalborg University Rules are not enough Social contracts are not enough

No-experienced Judgement Byrge, C. (2010). Conceptualisation of creativity practices through action research: The case of the creative platform at aalborg university, PhD thesis, Aalborg University Take responsibility for the situation Provide the experience of no-judgement