Chapter 4, Section 3 Extending the Bill of Rights

Main Idea The Amendments adopted after the Bill of Rights extended liberties and voting rights to African Americans, women, and other minorities.

I. Protecting All Americans (109-112) A. At first, the Bill of Rights applied only to white males. It also applied only to the national government, not to state or local governments. ***Eventually, the Amendments and court rulings made Bill of Rights apply to all levels.***

B. The Civil War amendments- the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments extended civil liberties to African Americans. C. 13th Amendment- outlawed slavery, freeing thousands of African Americans.

***After the Civil War, many southern states passed “black codes” that limited the rights of African Americans.*** D. 14th Amendment- defines a citizen as anyone born or naturalized in U.S. All citizens would have equal protection. “Equal Protection Claus”

E. 14th Amendment also nationalized Bill of Rights by forbidding state governments from interfering with rights of citizens. ***The Supreme Court upheld this interpretation of the amendment in Gitlow vs. New York.***

Gitlow V. New York 1. Why was Gitlow arrested? 2. What was he promoting? 3. What two Amendments were called into Question? 4. Who did the Court side with? 5. What was the reasoning behind their decision?

F. 15th Amendment - no state may take away a person’s voting rights on the basis, of race, color, or previous enslavement. It was intended to guarantee suffrage. G. Suffrage- the right to vote ***Created so African Americans could vote. However, it only applied only to men!***

H. According to the Constitution, state legislatures were to choose senators. This was overturned by the 17th Amendment. I. 17th Amendment- allows voters to elect senators directly.

J. The Constitution did not grant or deny women the right to vote J. The Constitution did not grant or deny women the right to vote. As a result, states made their own decisions. K. 19th Amendment- establishing women’s rights to vote in all elections.

L. Because Washington, D. C L. Because Washington, D.C., is a district, not a state, its citizens could not vote in national elections. M. 23rd Amendment- established D.C.’s right to vote in national elections.

N. In the south, people paid poll taxes to vote N. In the south, people paid poll taxes to vote. Because many African Americans were poor and whites could not afford to pay, they could not vote. O. Poll Tax- requires voters to pay a sum of money to voice their opinion. P. 24th Amendment- outlawed poll taxes.

Q. 26th Amendment- guaranteed the right to vote to citizens 18 and older. Before this, most states had a voting age of 21.

Mini Quiz!!! Marvin Gaye- What’s Goin On 1. What three Amendments were known as the “Civil War” Amendments? 2. Suffrage is? 3. What Amendment granted women the right to vote? 4. Which Amendment is credited for freeing thousands of slaves? 5. When the Bill of Rights were added in 1791 who did it apply to?