1. 7 th Grade Civics Miss Smith Pgs. 118-122 Civics in Practice

2.  Rights guaranteed to all citizens are called civil rights  The Bill of Rights is the foundation for civil rights in our country  The Civil War triggered the addition of new amendments to the Constitution

3.  The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863  Banned slavery in the areas controlled by the Confederate army  Did not free all slaves  This amendment was adjusted to outlaw slavery in all of the United States and ratified in 1865

4.  Ratified in 1868  Granted full citizenship to African Americans  Declared that no state could take away a citizen’s “life, liberty, or property, without due process of law”  This is similar to the Fifth Amendment that prohibits the federal gov. from doing the same  Guarantees every citizen equal protection under the laws

5.  Voting is one of the most basic principles of citizenship  Principles- a basic belief, rule, or law  In British colonies, only free, white men who owned property could vote  This excluded women, African Americans, poor people, and many other groups

6.  Ratified in 1870  No one could be denied suffrage because of race or color  However, this applied only to African American men  Confederate states did not support this amendment  This amendment wasn’t truly guaranteed for all people of color until the 1960s

7.  Called for the direct election of senators  Eligible voters can choose senators directly  This made senators answerable to voters instead of other politicians

8.  Ratified in 1920  Gave all women the right to vote  Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton led the women’s suffrage movement

9.  Ratified in 1961  Gave citizens living in the District of Columbia the right to vote for President and Vice President

10.  Ratified in 1964  Banned poll taxes as a requirement for voting in national elections  Banned poll taxes in state elections in 1966  This made sure all eligible voters to vote for free

11.  Ratified in 1971  Lowered the voting age in all elections to age 18