CD10: Young Children with Special Needs Ch 7: Gross Motor Development

Chapter 7 Content Overview Four Basic Gross Motor Skills Reasons for Gross Motor Delay Diagnosing Gross Motor Delays Intervention Strategies

Four Basic Gross Motor Skills Extension (pg 231) –The head and limbs move away from the body Flexion (pg 232) –The head and limbs move toward the body Coactivation (pg 233) –Ability to control both extension and flexion Rotation (pg 233) –Turning one body part in relation to another body part

The Bottom Line: “Due to an imbalance in development of flexion and extension, good control in coactivation and rotation may not occur. These children may be quite fearful of movement.” (pg 238)

Typical Development Charts Table 7.1: –Age of Acquisition for Infants Table 7.2: –Age of Acquisition for toddlers and preschoolers(pg 234)

Reasons for Gross Motor Delay Premature birth (pg 241) – Hypertonicity (low muscle tone) –Classic posture of head turned and arms/legs splayed Postural & muscle tone delays ( pg 244 picture ) –Spastic or flaccid muscles –Asymmetrical muscle tone, scoliosis Sensory Registration –Organizing physical stimulation –Making sense of what they feel, see, hear, smell and taste

Processing Disorders –Difficulty perceiving own movements –Difficulty perceiving touch Race, ethnicity and culture (pg 239) –Genetic differences (size, skeletal differences) –Environmental influences (choices available) –Child-rearing practices (needs and location of culture; rural, suburban, urban)

Diagnosing Gross Motor Delays Cerebral Palsy Traumatic Brain Injury Spina Bifida Multiple Sclerosis Injury Down Syndrome Autism

Cerebral Palsy What does it look like? What does it look like? How do we treat itHow do we treat it? How do we treat it Resources for treatmentResources for treatment? Resources for treatment

Traumatic Brain Injury What does it look likeWhat does it look like? What does it look like How do we treat itHow do we treat it? How do we treat it What are some of the consequences of TBI? consequences

Spina Bifida What does it look like? How can we treat it?

SEE STRAIGHT AHEAD SIT WITH HIS HANDS FREE EXPLORE HIS SURROUNDIN GS STAND WITH HIS HANDS FREE SIT, STAND, AND WALK Normal Spina bifida

Multiple Sclerosis What does it look likeWhat does it look like? What does it look like How do we treat it? What are some resourcesWhat are some resources? What are some resources

Injury How do injuries occurHow do injuries occur? How do injuries occur What does it look likeWhat does it look like? What does it look like How do we treat it? What are some resourcesWhat are some resources? What are some resources

Down Syndrome What does it look like? How do we treat itHow do we treat it? How do we treat it What are some resourcesWhat are some resources? What are some resources

Autism What does it look like? How do we treat itHow do we treat it? How do we treat it What are some resourcesWhat are some resources? What are some resources Parents Helping Parents Helping Parents