Gymnosperms e.g. yellowwoods and cycads PLANT DIVERSITY Plants can be classified based on absence or presence of vascular tissue, true leaves and roots, spores or seeds, fruit and dependence on water for reproduction. Compare four major groups of plants with reference to above. Refer to evolutionary development . Bryophytes e.g. mosses Pterophytes e.g. ferns Gymnosperms e.g. yellowwoods and cycads Angiosperms e.g. flowering plants As plants evolved from an aquatic environment they developed features to suit life in a terrestrial environment. Many land plants appeared about 420 mya.

Table showing the different plant groups and their features PLANT DIVERSITY Table showing the different plant groups and their features Plant Group Adaptations to a terrestrial life Features Vascular tissue Fertilisation Seeds or spores Bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) Simple , small plants, thallus with no true leaves and roots none Dependant on water Spores Pteridophytes (ferns) Has large leaves. Roots present. Xylem and phloem present Gymnosperms (yellowwoods,cycads) True leaves and roots Independent on water Seeds not enclosed in an ovary but in cones Angiosperms (flowering plants) Seeds enclosed in an ovary. Produce flowers and fruit

ANIMAL DIVERSITY COMPARE BODY PLANS OF SIX PHYLA Compare the following phyla with respect to the following body plans i.e. symmetry, number of tissue layers, absence or presence of a coelom, presence or absence of a through-gut. - Porifera e.g. sponges - Cnidaria e.g. jellyfish - Platyhelminthes e.g. Planaria - Annelida e.g. earthworm - Arthropoda e.g. insects - Chordata e.g. fish,amphibians etc. Context of evolution of body plans

Table showing the different animal groups and their features ANIMAL DIVERSITY Table showing the different animal groups and their features Animal group (phylum) Symmetry Tissue layers Body cavity Through –gut and other features Porifera (sponges) Asymmetry Cell differentiation- no tissue layers Acoelomate No through-gut, filter feeding Cnidaria (jellyfish, blue-bottles) Radial symmetry Tissues - diploblastic Single-opening to body cavity, nematocysts to kill prey Platyhelminthes (Planaria) Bilateral symmetry Triploblastic Single opening to gut Annelida (earthworm) Coelomate Through-gut Arthropoda (insects, arachnids etc) Through-gut and exoskeleton of chitin Chordata (fish, amphibians etc) Through-gut and internal skeleton of bone and cartilage

ANIMAL DIVERSITY Interpret a phylogenetic tree representing the evolutionary history of animals