ADJECTIVE AGREEMENT WHICH WORD IS BEING MODIFIED?

MEMORIZE THIS TRUTH!  An adjective must agree with the noun it modifies in case, number, and gender.

EXAMPLES OF ADJECTIVE AGREEMENT Salvius servum aegrum retinēre noluit. Salvius servos aegros retinēre noluit. Salvius ancillam aegram retinēre noluit. Salvius ancillas aegras retinēre noluit.  Note that the endings on the adjective change just as the endings on the nouns change.

30 FORMS – YES, REALLY, 30 FORMS  Let’s look at an example – fessus, fessa, fessum – tired  Note the –us, -a, -um endings which indicate masc, fem, neuter.  This is a 1 st /2 nd Declension Adjective.  This adjective is declined like 1 st and 2 nd declension nouns. MasculineFeminineNeuter SingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPlural Nom fessusfessifessafessaefessumfessa Gen fessifessorumfessaefessarumfessifessorum Dat fessofessisfessaefessisfessofessis Acc fessumfessosfessamfessasfessumfessa Abl fessofessisfessāfessisfessofessis

LET’S LOOK CLOSELY AT THOSE ENDINGS  Masculine endings are like 2 nd declension masculine nouns.  Feminine endings are like 1 st declension nouns.  Neuter endings are like 2 nd declension neuter nouns. MasculineFeminineNeuter SingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPlural Nom fessusfessifessafessaefessumfessa Gen fessifessorumfessaefessarumfessifessorum Dat fessofessisfessaefessisfessofessis Acc fessumfessosfessamfessasfessumfessa Abl fessofessisfessāfessisfessofessis

OTHER 1 ST /2 ND DECLENSION ADJECTIVES  bonus, bona, bonum – good  laetus, laeta, laetum – happy  ignavus, ignava, ignavum – lazy  magnus, magna, magnum – big  callidus, callida, callidum – clever  But also adjectives like:  aeger, aegra, aegrum – sick  sacer, sacra, sacrum – sacred  ceteri, ceterae, cetera – the rest (note: plural only)  Any adjective with a vocabulary listing of  -us/r, -a, -um (or the plurals -i, -ae, -a)

3 RD DECLENSION ADJECTIVES  Let’s look at another example - gravis, gravis, grave – heavy  Note the –is, -is, -e endings which indicate masc, fem, neut.  This is a 3 rd Declension Adjective.  This adjective is declined like 3 rd declension nouns. MasculineFeminineNeuter SingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPlural Nom gravisgravesgravisgravesgravegravia Gen gravisgraviumgravisgraviumgravisgravium Dat gravigravibusgravigravibusgravigravibus Acc gravemgravesgravemgravesgravegravia Abl gravigravibusgravigravibusgravigravibus

LET’S LOOK CLOSELY AT THOSE ENDINGS  Endings look like 3 rd declension nouns … BUT …  Note the exceptions:  Ablative singular is –i instead of –e.  Genitive plural is –ium.  Neuter plural nominative and accusative is –ia instead of –a. MasculineFeminineNeuter SingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPlural Nom gravisgravesgravisgravesgravegravia Gen gravisgraviumgravisgraviumgravisgravium Dat gravigravibusgravigravibusgravigravibus Acc gravemgravesgravemgravesgravegravia Abl gravigravibusgravigravibusgravigravibus

MASCULINE AND FEMININE ARE IDENTICAL So we can reduce this chart. *3 rd declension only MasculineFeminineNeuter SingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPlural Nom gravisgravesgravisgravesgravegravia Gen gravisgraviumgravisgraviumgravisgravium Dat gravigravibusgravigravibusgravigravibus Acc gravemgravesgravemgravesgravegravia Abl gravigravibusgravigravibusgravigravibus Masculine/FeminineNeuter SingularPluralSingularPlural Nom gravisgravesgravegravia Gen gravisgraviumgravisgravium Dat gravigravibusgravigravibus Acc gravemgravesgravegravia Abl gravigravibusgravigravibus

OTHER 3RD DECLENSION ADJECTIVES  difficilis, difficilis, difficile – hard  fortis, fortis, forte - brave, strong  fidelis, fidelis, fidele – loyal  nobilis, nobilis, nobile – noble  mirabilis, mirabilis, mirabile - strange  But also adjectives like:  ferox, ferox, ferox (ferocis) – fierce  melior, melior, melius (melioris) – better  neglegens, neglegens, neglegens (neglegentis) - careless

Give the correct form of the adjective to modify the underlined noun. 1.servus _______________ non laborare vult. The tired slave does not want to work. 2.ancilla _______________ non laborare vult. The tired slave-girl does not want to work. 3.gemini amphoram _______________ portare non potest. The twins can not carry the heavy winejar. 4.servi amphoras _______________ portare possunt. The slaves can carry the heavy winejars. 5.amphora est _______________. The winejar is heavy. 6.amphorae sunt _______________. The winejars are heavy. fessus = tired gravis = heavy